Relationships among light distribution, radiation use efficiency and land equivalent ratio in maize-soybean strip intercropping

Liu, Xin; Rahman, Tanzeelur; Song, Chun; Yang, Feng; Su, Benying; Cui, Liang; Bu, Weizhao; Yang, Wenyu

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2018.05.010

Cited by 148 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, among different planting pattern, maximum RUE in P1 treatment might be due to the better row spacing arrangements (narrow wide row) that increased the diffusion of solar radiation on soybean plants which led to increase leaf area index, dry matter production, and seed yield of soybean plants. Our results are consistent with the findings of Liu et al (). In addition, the mean total RUE (maize RUE + soybean RUE) in P1 (20:180) under relay‐intercropping system was 3.31 g/MJ, which is considerably higher than past reported studies (Liu et al, ; Mahallati et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Our results are consistent with the findings of Liu et al (). In addition, the mean total RUE (maize RUE + soybean RUE) in P1 (20:180) under relay‐intercropping system was 3.31 g/MJ, which is considerably higher than past reported studies (Liu et al, ; Mahallati et al, ). This may be due to the optimum planting pattern used in relay‐intercropping system which significantly improved the micro climate (especially light environment) of maize and soybean, and accelerated the dry matter production of intercropped species under P1 treatment than other treatments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Radiation use efficiency of crops is the famous parameter to assess the effects of changing planting pattern, nutrients, water, and crop ecology (Kiniry et al, ; Liu et al, ; Sinclair & Horie, ). Temperature and different row configuration in intercropping systems have been confirmed as the contributing factors to radiation use efficiency change (Mahallati, Koocheki, Mondani, Feizi, & Amirmoradi, ; Sharpley, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Narrow‐wide‐row planting pattern increases the radiation use efficiency and seed yield of intercrop species in relay‐intercropping system

Raza

Ling

Werf

et al. 2019

Food and Energy Security

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Planting arrangements affect radiation use efficiency (RUE) and competitiveness of intercrop species in intercropping systems. Here, we reveal that narrow‐wide‐row planting arrangement in maize‐soybean relay‐intercropping system increases the dry matter and competitiveness of soybean, increased the RUE of maize and soybean, and compensates the yield loss of maize by substantially increasing the yield of soybean. In this field study, maize was planted with soybean in different planting arrangements (P1, 20:180, P2, 40:160; P3, 60:140, and P4, 80:120) of relay intercropping, all the relay‐intercropping treatments were compared with sole crops of maize (SM) and soybean (SS). Results showed that P1 improved the total RUE 3.26 g/MJ (maize RUE + soybean RUE) of maize and soybean in relay‐intercropping system. Compared to P4, treatment P1 increased the soybean competition ratio (CR) values (by 55%) but reduced the maize CR values (by 29%), which in turn significantly improved the yield of soybean by maintaining the maize yield. Generally, in P1, soybean produced 82% of SS yield, and maize produced 88% of SM yield, and it achieved the land equivalent ratio of 1.7. These results suggest that by maintaining the appropriate planting distances between maize and soybean we can improve the competitiveness and yield of intercrop species in relay‐intercropping system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Narrow‐wide‐row planting pattern increases the radiation use efficiency and seed yield of intercrop species in relay‐intercropping system

Raza

Ling

Werf

et al. 2019

Food and Energy Security

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“…The planting pattern in intercropping systems changes the micro‐climate, especially the light conditions of crops (Yang et al, ). The narrow–wide‐row planting pattern of maize and soybean (“40 cm + 160 cm” two rows of maize by narrow–wide‐row planting, where two rows of soybean are grown in wide rows with a space of 40 cm, and 60 cm row distance is used between the soybean and maize rows) under maize–soybean relay‐intercropping system (MS R ) increases the photosynthesis rate of maize plants (X. Liu et al, ; Yang et al, ). However, the adjacent growing of crops always causes mutual shading among individuals; mostly, the mutual shading of narrow‐row leaves in intercropping systems reduces leaf photosynthesis (T. Li, Liu, Jiang, Liu, & Shi, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum leaf excision increases the biomass accumulation and seed yield of maize plants under different planting patterns

Raza

Ling

Khalid

et al. 2019

Annals of Applied Biology

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Without developing new agronomic practices, present rates of improvement in seed yields of cereal crops globally are insufficient to fulfil the estimated increasing food demand for 2050 and beyond. Intercropping is one of the agricultural practices that can lead to greater crop yields. However, there exists leaf redundancy for maize in intercropping systems, and the top canopy leaves shade more competent leaves at middle strata of maize plants. Therefore, this work aimed to elucidate the effect of leaf excision treatments in maize to understand the optimum leaf area of maize plants under a maize-soybean relay-intercropping system (MS R ) and a sole cropping system (SM). The effects of four-leaf excision treatments (T 1 , 0; T 2 , 2; T 3 , 4; T 4 , 6 leaves excised from the top of maize plants until 7 days after silking) on light interception, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic characteristics, total biomass accumulation at blistering stage (BS), dough stage (DS) and physiological maturity (PM), and seed yield of maize were investigated through field experiments for 2 years under MS R and SM. Results showed that, under MS R and SM, as compared to control (T 1 ), optimum excision of leaves (T 2 ) from the top of maize plants significantly improved the light interception (by 25, 18 and 16% at BS, DS and PM, respectively) to lower strata leaves and accelerated the biomass partitioning to maize seeds (by 13 and 12% at DS and PM, respectively). Importantly, plants under T 2 exhibited higher green leaf area than control, that is, excision the top two leaves led to an increase in LAI at PM by 10%, suggesting that leaf senescence under T 2 was delayed which enhanced the photosynthetic rate at PM by 7% in 2017 and 6% in 2018. Relative to T 1 , maize under T 2 produced 19 and 13% higher maize yield under MS R and SM, respectively, and relaycropped maize had 90% of SM seed yield. These results suggest that by manipulating the canopy structure of maize plants we can enhance the biomass accumulation and seed yield of maize crops under MS R and SM. K E Y W O R D Sbiomass, leaf excision, light interception, relay-intercropping, seed yield Muhammad A. Raza and Ling Y. Feng are co-first authors.

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“…However, if there is insufficient “growing time” available for relay intercropping, the shading effect in the intercropping could be mitigated by widening the gap between maize rows to allow more light penetration to the legume (Liu, Rahman, et al, ; Ren, Liu, Wang, & Zhang, ). Furthermore, the consequences of shading for peanut could be mitigated by choosing a shade‐tolerant peanut variety, which has a high harvest index when shaded (Liu et al, ). In addition, fertilizer in intercropping needs to be placed at the place where it is needed, thus better tailoring supply to crop demand (Snyder, Davidson, Smith, & Venterea, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and nitrogen uptake of sole and intercropped maize and peanut in response to N fertilizer input

Gao

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Food and Energy Security

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Chinese agriculture needs to become less dependent on fertilizer inputs to enhance sustainability. Cereal/legume intercropping is a potential pathway to lower fertilizer inputs, but there is insufficient knowledge on the nitrogen (N) response in species mixtures. Here, we investigated N response in maize/peanut intercropping. Maize showed a stronger yield response to N input than peanut both in sole cropping and in intercropping, and so did sole crops relative to intercrops. Maize yield was the highest at the maximum level tested: 360 kg N/ha. Agronomic efficiency (AE) of sole maize was 7.8 kg/kg N input, averaged across five N levels (0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 kg/ha). Partial land equivalent ratios (pLERs) for maize decreased with N input, from 0.70 at zero to 0.64 at 360 kg/ha. Sole peanut showed an optimum yield response to N input, with the highest yield at 270 kg/ha and lower yield at 360 kg/ha. The average AE of sole peanut was 1.3 kg/kg. The pLER of peanut declined from 0.43 at zero to 0.32 at 360 kg/ha while the overall LER decreased from 1.13 to 0.96, indicating relative better performance of intercropping at low than at high N input. Apparent recovery (RE) for N was 27.2% for sole maize, 12.4% for sole peanut, and 7.2% for intercrops. Mean N uptake was 179 kg/ha in sole maize, 199 kg/ha in intercropping, and 264 kg/ha in sole peanut. Partial economic budgeting indicated that with the current low Chinese N fertilizer prices, gross margin is maximized with high N input in sole crops; however, for intercropping, the highest gross margin was attained at intermediate N inputs of 180 or 270 kg/ha. Fertilizer price incentives may facilitate a transition to intercropping at moderate N input in China.

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Relationships among light distribution, radiation use efficiency and land equivalent ratio in maize-soybean strip intercropping

Cited by 148 publications

References 15 publications

Narrow‐wide‐row planting pattern increases the radiation use efficiency and seed yield of intercrop species in relay‐intercropping system

Narrow‐wide‐row planting pattern increases the radiation use efficiency and seed yield of intercrop species in relay‐intercropping system

Optimum leaf excision increases the biomass accumulation and seed yield of maize plants under different planting patterns

Yield and nitrogen uptake of sole and intercropped maize and peanut in response to N fertilizer input

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