Relationships among ketosis, serum metabolites, body condition, and reproductive outcomes in dairy cows

Shin, Eun-Kyung; Jeong, Jae-Kwan; Choi, In‐Soo; Kang, Hyun‐Gu; Hur, Tai-Young; Jung, Young-Hun; Kim, Ill-Hwa

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.03.014

Cited by 95 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Challenges to output/head also include ketosis associated with rapid weight loss in early lactation, infertility, nitrate poisoning, hypomagnesaemia, diarrhoea, bloat and sub-acute rumen acidosis (Wilkinson & Waldron, 2017). Some of these health issues are relevant in both pasture-based and TMR-based systems; however, the level of incidence varies greatly among farms under the same feeding regime (Shin et al, 2015). The decline in dairy cow fertility associated with higher genetic potential for milk production has had a negative impact on the profitability of dairy farms, especially those with seasonal calving pasture-based systems (Shalloo, Cromie, & McHugh, 2014).…”

Section: Output Per Cowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some challenges and opportunities for grazing dairy cows on temperate pastures

Wilkinson

Lee

Rivero

et al. 2019

Grass and Forage Science

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Grazing plays an important role in milk production in most regions of the world. In this review, some challenges to the grazing cow are discussed together with opportunities for future improvement. We focus on daily feed intake, efficiency of pasture utilization, output of milk per head, environmental impact of grazing and the nutritional quality to humans of milk produced from dairy cows in contrasting production systems. Challenges are discussed in the context of a trend towards increased size of individual herds and include limited and variable levels of daily herbage consumption, lower levels of milk output per cow, excessive excretion of nitrogenous compounds and requirements for minimal periods of grazing regardless of production system.A major challenge is to engage more farmers in making appropriate adjustments to their grazing management. In relation to product quality, the main challenge is to demonstrate enhanced nutritional/processing benefits of milk from grazed cows.Opportunities include more accurate diet formulations, supplementation of grazed pasture to match macro-and micronutrient supply with animal requirement and plant breeding. The application of robotics and artificial intelligence to pasture management will assist in matching daily supply to animal requirement. Wider consumer recognition of the perceived enhanced nutritional value of milk from grazed cows, together with greater appreciation of the animal health, welfare and behavioural benefits of grazing should contribute to the future sustainability of demand for milk from dairy cows on pasture. K E Y W O R D Sgrazed pasture, grazing management, herbage intake, milk production, milk quality, nitrogen use efficiency Highlights• Grazing plays a central role in the nutrition of dairy cows in many regions of the world.• Challenges to efficient management of grazed pastures include variable herbage supply and low herbage intake, which limit milk output per head.• Opportunities for improved efficiency include more accurate diet formulation, breeding superior plant cultivars to improve ruminal efficiency and enhance product nutritional quality, application of robotics, sensors and artificial intelligence to improve grazing management and pasture utilization, and wider consumer recognition of the perceived enhanced value of milk from grazed cows.TA B L E 1 Average size of dairy herd, average annual milk yield per cow and average annual output of milk per herd in New Zealand,

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Section: Output Per Cowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some challenges and opportunities for grazing dairy cows on temperate pastures

Wilkinson

Lee

Rivero

et al. 2019

Grass and Forage Science

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“…Malnutrition results in the loss of body weight and body condition, delays the onset of puberty, increases the post-partum interval to conception, interferes with normal ovarian cyclicity by decreasing gonadotropin Effect of nutrition on reproductive efficiency of dairy animals secretion and increases the chances of infertility (31). One of the major problems related to nutritional management in periparturient dairy cows is negative energy balance (NEB), which is an inevitable phenomenon.…”

Section: Artykuł Przeglądowy Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nutrition on reproductive efficiency of dairy animals

Ibtisham¹,

Nawab²,

Li³

et al. 2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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SummaryNutrition plays a key role in the maintenance of animal reproductive performance. Reduced reproductive efficiency can decrease the profitability of dairy production by increasing days open, calving interval, the number of services per conception, culling rate, and veterinary services. Nutritional requirements increase rapidly with milk production after calving, but an improper diet plan could result in a negative energy balance (NEB). NEB delays the time of first ovulation through uncoupled hormones production. A diet high in fat could prevent the NEB state by increasing the energy status of animals. Protein supplementation supports high production but can also have severe effects on the reproductive performance of the animal. Deficiency of minerals can also alter the reproductive performance of the animal. This article has generally focused on the effects of various nutrients on reproductive efficiency of dairy cattle.

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“…El principal factor de riesgo reportado, como se aprecia en las Tablas 2 y 3, es la condición corporal al parto, así animales con condición corporal 3,5 a 3,75 tuvieron un riesgo mayor de presentar cetosis subclínica (OR =2,4) y el riesgo fue mayor para los animales cuya condición corporal fuera 4,5 (OR=2,8) 65 , resultados similares a los obtenidos por Vanholder et al, (2015) en cuyo estudio, los animales con mayor riesgo de enfermedad subclínica fueron los de condición moderada (OR= 1,5) y alta al MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y ZOOTECNIA parto (OR= 2,7), además, el riesgo de desarrollar la presentación clínica de la entidad fue aún mayor para los animales con condición corporal moderada y alta al parto (moderada OR=3,6; alta OR=8,7) 66 , lo cual ha sido relacionado con una mayor capacidad de movilización grasa consecuencia del balance energético negativo, mayor cantidad de Agne's disponibles para cetogénesis además de un menor consumo de alimento en el postparto 67,68 . Tabla 2.…”

Section: Factores De Riesgounclassified

“…Por otro lado, el número de lactancias es otro factor de riesgo de cetosis, así los animales con 2 y 3 partos tuvieron un riesgo mayor que los animales de primer parto (OR=2,1; 2,8, respectivamente) 66 , consecuencia de un balance energético negativo más severo en las vacas multíparas en relación a la mayor producción láctea 67,68 . Además, la ocurrencia del parto durante el verano, fue un factor de riesgo tanto para la presentación clínica y subclínica de la enfermedad (OR=4,3; 1,4, respectivamente) 66 , lo cual esta principalmente relacionado por la disponibilidad y la calidad del alimento en esta época del año 66,69 , un factor que podría ser importante en animales en pastoreo en condiciones tropicales, donde a pesar de la ausencia de estaciones, la disponibilidad de alimento se ve disminuida drásticamente durante las temporadas de sequía, lo que tienen un efecto directo sobre el consumo de materia seca y presentaría un riesgo importante para el desarrollo de cetosis, pero que no ha sido tenido en cuenta en los estudios realizados en este tipo de sistema productivo.…”

Section: Factores De Riesgounclassified

Epidemiología de la cetosis en bovinos: una revisión

Audor

Espinosa

2018

Ces. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Artículo de revisión Epidemiology of bovine ketosis: a review AbstractKetosis is a metabolic disease that occurs during early-lactation in dairy cattle, it is related to negative energy balance, characterized by increased levels of circulating ketones bodies. The epidemiology of the disease has been widely described in several countries around the world, with a prevalence ranging from 4% to 52% and an incidence between 4.9% and 72%, with a peak incidence during the fourth week postpartum in cows between the second and seventh lactation. This condition has an important impact on dairy farms profitability due to increased risk of concomitant diseases, decreased milk yield, poor reproductive performance and early culling. To reduce the disease incidence, it is necessary to perform an early diagnosis and treatment, in addition to recognizing the associated risk factors, the proper nutritional management during the transition period and treatment of periparturient diseases, among others.Keywords: β-Hydroxybutyrate, dairy cattle, incidence, ketosis, prevalence. ResumenLa cetosis es una enfermedad metabólica asociada al balance energético negativo que sufren las vacas dedicadas a la producción láctea al inicio de la lactancia y se caracteriza por un aumento en la concentración de cuerpos cetónicos circulantes. La epidemiologia de la enfermedad ha sido ampliamente descrita en diversos países alrededor del mundo, contando con una variación en la prevalencia entre el 4% hasta el 52% y en la incidencia entre 4,9% hasta 72%, con pico de incidencia a la cuarta semana posparto en las vacas entre segunda y séptima lactancia. Esta entidad tiene una repercusión importante sobre la rentabilidad de los hatos lecheros, por los costos asociados a enfermedades concomitantes, disminución de la producción láctea, bajo desempeño reproductivo y descartes tempranos. Para disminuir la incidencia de la enfermedad en los hatos, es necesario realizar el diagnósti-co y el tratamiento oportuno, además de reconocer los factores de riesgo asociados a la misma, el manejo adecuado de la dieta durante el periodo de transición y el tratamiento de las enfermedades concomitantes, entre otros.Palabras clave: β-Hidroxibutirato, bovinos, cetosis, incidencia, prevalencia. ResumoA cetose é uma doença metabólica associada ao balanço energético negativo sofrido por vacas dedicadas à produção de leite no início da lactação e

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Relationships among ketosis, serum metabolites, body condition, and reproductive outcomes in dairy cows

Cited by 95 publications

References 63 publications

Some challenges and opportunities for grazing dairy cows on temperate pastures

Some challenges and opportunities for grazing dairy cows on temperate pastures

Effect of nutrition on reproductive efficiency of dairy animals

Epidemiología de la cetosis en bovinos: una revisión

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