Relationships Among Freezing, Low Temperature Flooding, and Ice Encasement Tolerance in Alfalfa

Bowley, S. R.; McKersie, Bryan D.

doi:10.4141/cjps90-025

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Adapted from Dhont et al (2002Dhont et al ( , 2003 Suzuki (1991) reported that alfalfa plants in the post-seeding year had greater fall hardening and were more cold tolerant than seeding-year plants. In contrast, other studies indicated that seeding-year plants of alfalfa showed less winter injury (Smith 1964;Heinrichs 1973) and yield reduction when exposed to a freezing stress than plants in their first postseeding year (Bowley and McKersie 1990). More recent observations tend to confirm that plants in the seeding year can develop greater cold tolerance than those in post-seeding years (Fig.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Differences in cold tolerance among 23 alfalfa entries were observed in laboratory freezing tests (Schwab et al 1996). Genetic variability for tolerance to three types of winter stresses (freezing, low temperature flooding, and ice encasement) was observed among 16 cultivars of alfalfa (Bowley and McKersie 1990). Differential ranking obtained with each stress indicated that tolerance to one winter stress is not necessarily associated to tolerance to other stresses.…”

Section: Species and Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The extent to which winter hardiness can be dissociated from the short-day-induced decline in forage growth is still unclear. There are indications that winter hardiness can be improved within populations having intermediate or low levels of fall dormancy without concurrent reduction in seasonal growth (Bowley and McKersie 1990;McCaslin et al 1990;Brummer et al 2000;Weishaar et al 2005). Progress, however, will require a better understanding of the mechanisms For personal use only.…”

Section: Species and Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction

Bélanger¹,

Castonguay²,

Bertrand³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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R. 2006. Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 33-47. Harsh winter climate results in frequent losses of stands and yield reduction in many forage-growing areas of Canada and other parts of the world. Climatic conditions and crop management both affect the winter survival of perennial forage crops. In this review, we present the main causes of winter damage in eastern Canada and we discuss crop management practices that help mitigate the risks of losses. Predictive tools available to assess the risks of winter damage both spatially and temporally are also presented. Our understanding of the causes of winter damage and of the plant adaptation mechanisms to winter stresses, particularly the role of N and C organic reserves, has improved. Forage species commonly grown in eastern Canada differ in their tolerance to subfreezing temperatures and to anoxia caused by the presence of ice on fields. Some improvement in winter hardiness of forage legume species has been achieved through breeding in eastern Canada but new technologies based on laboratory freezing tests and the identification of molecular markers may facilitate the future development of winter-hardy cultivars. Crop management practices required for good winter survival are now better defined, particularly those involving cutting management and the interval between harvests. Simulation models and climatic indices derived from our current knowledge of the causes of winter damage provide general indications on the risk of winter damage but their degree of precision and accuracy is still not satisfactory. Further improvements in winter survival require a more thorough understanding of the different causes of winter damage and, primarily, of their complex interactions with genetic, climatic, and management factors.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Species and Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Species and Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction

Bélanger¹,

Castonguay²,

Bertrand³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…4.4 Effects of freeze-thaw and artemisinin stress on CAT activity in highland barley seedlings CAT is one of the main protective enzymes in plants. It has the function of scavenging active oxygen free radicals and can reduce the damage of active oxygen to plants [15]. CAT enzyme can promote the decomposition of H2O2 produced in plants due to environmental changes to alleviate the damage caused by adversity stress [16].…”

Section: Effects Of Freeze-thaw and Artemisinin Stress On Soluble Sugar Content In Highland Barley Seedlingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Effects of Different Artemisinin Concentrations on Highland Barley Seedlings Under Freeze-Thaw Stress

Chen¹,

Bao²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Highland barley has good resistance to low temperature and is the most commonly used pasture and greenery in high altitude area. Beyond that, Artemisinin is an allelochemical in the common weed Artemisia annua and remains in the soil, which affects the growth and development of highland barley. Most studies on its resistance are under single stress, while plants are often affected by many factors in reality. In this paper, highland barley was used to study the effects of combined stress of simulated freeze-thaw and artemisinin with different concentrations (10mg/L, 30mg/L, 50mg/L) on antioxidant enzyme activities, photosynthesis and osmotic regulation substance concentrations.The response characteristics of physiological characteristics under combined stress can study the damage mechanism of artemisinin on highland barley and provide a theoretical basis for reducing the damage caused by freeze-thaw to the growth of barley.Results: The results showed that under freeze-thaw stress, malondialdehyde(MDA) and soluble sugar in leaves decreased significantly by 9.0-40.9% and 21.0-29.8%, respectively, catalase(CAT) continued to decrease during the freeze-thaw cycle, photosynthetic rate firstly decreased and then increased, superoxide dismutase(SOD) reached the minimum value of 1470.9U/mgprot at -5℃, and the soluble protein maintained a relatively stable state.As the concentration of artemisinin increased, MDA and soluble sugar firstly decreased and then increased, reaching the lowest concentration at 10mg/L. Soluble protein, CAT, SOD and photosynthetic rate first increased and then decreased.Conclusion: All measurements indicated that under the compound stress of freeze-thaw and artemisinin, highland barley seedlings showed high cold resistance, and low concentration of artemisinin exerted a certain promotion effect on the growth of highland barley seedlings. Besides artemisinin and freeze-thaw showed an antagonistic effect on highland barley seedlings, and low concentration of artemisinin can alleviate the damage caused by freeze-thaw to highland barley seedlings.

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“…This temperature also clearly distinguished more cold stress tolerant cv. Algonquin from less hardy Apica (Baenziger, 1975;Bowley & McKersie, 1990) when regenerative populations were compared. Freezing temperature -16 ° C, which is being recommended as a critical temperature for field survival of alfalfa in Eastern Canada (Dr. M. Suzuki, Agriculture Canada Research Station, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada, personal communication) was also useful in our study on in vitro germplasm selection and evaluation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regenerative trait and cold hardiness in highly productive cultivars of alfalfa and red clover

et al. 1992

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In earlier work on improvement of persistance in forage legumes, we selected genotypes from highly productive cultivars of alfalfa, Algonquin and Apica (Euphytica 45: 105-112, 1990) and cv. Florex red clover (Plant Cell Reports 8: 395-398, 1989) capable of in vitro regeneration from callus and cell culture. The alfalfa germplasm and its F1 progeny as well as an F2 red clover population were tested for cold stress tolerance. Plantlets were hardened in culture tubes at 2 or 5 ° C, 8 h photoperiod, for at least four weeks and then subjected to freezing temperatures, -16 or -10°C for alfalfa and red clover, respectively. Survival of regenerative genotypes was significantly higher than of the non-regenerative ones in both species. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.78) between the regenerative trait and plant survival was found in alfalfa. The experiments indicate that in vitro selection for regenerative trait may improve cold stress tolerance of alfalfa and red clover.

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Relationships Among Freezing, Low Temperature Flooding, and Ice Encasement Tolerance in Alfalfa

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction

Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction

Physiological Effects of Different Artemisinin Concentrations on Highland Barley Seedlings Under Freeze-Thaw Stress

Regenerative trait and cold hardiness in highly productive cultivars of alfalfa and red clover

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