Relationships among characiform fishes inferred from analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences

Systematics and biogeography of New World sea catfishes (Siluriformes: Ariidae) as inferred from mitochondrial, nuclear, and morphological evidence

“…At deeper phylogenetic levels in fishes, including suprafamilial categories within siluriforms, rag2 has been shown to be more variable and contain stronger signal (e.g. Lavoué and Sullivan, 2004;Calcagnotto et al, 2005;Sullivan et al, 2006). The lack of resolution or poorly supported nodes among basal ariines is consistent with MP and BI reconstructions derived from both mitochondrial and nuclear datasets.…”

Hibernation in an Antarctic Fish: On Ice for Winter

“…Characiforms are generally assumed to have a Gondwanan (South American) origin [30][31][32], as supported by the fossil record [33], so the presence of Characidae in Northern America is viewed as a consequence of dispersal.…”

Molecular evidence for the monophyly of East Asian groups of Cyprinidae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) derived from the nuclear recombination activating gene 2 sequences

“…The RAG2 gene encodes components of the recombinase involved in recombination of immunoglobin and T-cell receptor genes and appears as conserved single copies in all examined vertebrates (Hansen and Kaattari, 1996;Willett et al, 1997). The RAG2 gene has been widely used to evaluate intrageneric and intraspeciWc relationships (Baker et al, 2000;Clements et al, 2004;Hardman, 2004;Lewis-Oritt et al, 2001;Lovejoy and Collette, 2001), and it is also used to reveal higher-level phylogenetic relationships (Brinkmann et al, 2004;Calcagnotto et al, 2005). Although the considerable morphological variability of East Asian cyprinids represents a challenge to phylogenetic analyses based on morphology, we included representative species from all hypothesized subfamilies (Chen, 1998) in our present molecular analysis.…”