Relationship of weld-metal microstructure and penetration to weld-metal oxygen content

Indacochea, J. E.; Olson, D. L.

doi:10.1007/bf02833367

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Schwemmer and Williamson [ 6 ] have stated that chemically flux affects the weld metal chemistry, which further influences the mechanical properties of the weld metal. Indacochea and Olsen [ 7 ] reported how the microstructure affects the properties of the weld metal. It has been reported by Davis and Baily [ 8 ] that agglomerated fluxes produce weld deposits of better ductility, alloy transfer efficiency and impact strength as compared with fused fluxes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of agglomerated acidic flux for submerged arc welding

Kumar¹,

Mohan²,

Khamba³

2010

Estonian J. Eng.

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A granular flux, which is used in submerged arc welding, plays an important role in deciding the weld metal quality and it may cost up to half of the total welding consumable cost. A significant percentage of the flux gets converted into very fine particles, termed as flux dust, due to transportation and handling. Welding defects like porosity occur if welding is performed without removing these very fine particles from the flux, and if these fine particles are removed by sieving, the cost of welding will be increased significantly. Also if this flux dust is dumped, it creates pollution. The present study has been conducted to investigate the viability of developing an acidic agglomerated flux by utilizing wasted flux dust of the parent commercial acidic flux. The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the all-weld metal, prepared by using the developed acidic flux, were found to be in the same range as that of the weld metal, prepared from parent commercial acidic flux. The radiographic examination of the welded joint, made by developing the flux, was also found to be sound. Therefore the welding cost and pollution can be reduced, without any compromise in weld quality, by utilizing the developed flux, prepared from waste flux dust of the parent flux. Thus the work follows the concept of 'waste to wealth'.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of agglomerated acidic flux for submerged arc welding

Kumar¹,

Mohan²,

Khamba³

2010

Estonian J. Eng.

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“…As for selenium, an addition of 0.1% by weight of Se in steel reduces its superficial tension by 30% [14]. While the variations of O 2 range from 600ppm to 1200ppm, can lead to an increase of penetration from 15% to 45% for the 1010 steel [15]. The activation of the cited elements is limited by a reversal temperature beyond which they don't affect the weld morphology [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Single Oxide Fluxes on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of ATIG on 316 L Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds

Hdhibi

Touileb

Djoudjou

et al. 2018

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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Tungsten inert gas (TIG) is a wide common process used in fabrication due to its low cost equipment, high quality and accuracy welds but has low productivity related to the low penetration depth in single pass. A new perspective, the Activated Tungsten Inert Gas (ATIG), in which the same equipment as TIG is used, except that a thin layer of activated flux is deposited on a workpiece surface. In this work, eight kinds of oxides were tested on 316L austenitic stainless steel. Three levels of welding current were used to study the effect of different activating fluxes on weld bead geometry and mechanical properties. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was used for the first and the second level energy for different ATIG welds to analyze the relationship between the weld shape and oxygen content in welds. The experimental results showed that the weld profile is related to the thermodynamic stability of selected oxides and in relation to the energy provided. ATIG with TiO2, SiO2, MnO2 oxides presented the deepest welds followed by Cr2O3, Fe2O3, and ZnO. Finally ZrO2, CaO oxides had no effect on the weld depth. The ATIG welded joint showed better tensile strength than TIG. The ATIG hardness measurements carried out showed also better if not the same as TIG weld except for the Silicon oxide weld. Results of the impact test showed that, except for the titanium dioxide TiO2 which has a good benefit, the weldment using the other oxide fluxes exhibits worse withstanding to sudden shock than TIG welding.

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“…The symbols used in the study are summarized in Table 6. 4 [20,31]. Eager [8] assumed that Reaction (2) may be considered to approach equilibrium for the SiO 2 -enriched acid flux, and the SiO 2 could be employed to quantify the flux O potential.…”

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confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Nature of SiO2 and FeO in Flux O Potential Control Subject to Submerged Arc Welding Process

Zhang

Liu³

2023

Processes

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SiO2 and MnO are the essential components dictating flux O potential subject to submerged arc welding. Due to the lack of thermodynamic data on the flux properties in early trials, the roles of SiO2 and FeO in the determination of the flux O potential remain nebulous, and conclusions are often conflicting with each other. Within this framework, through the analysis of the fluxes of 23 formulas at the full coverage of acid and basic fluxes with a basicity index spanning from 0.5 to 5.6, attempts are made to obtain a better understanding of the thermodynamic interconnection between oxides (SiO2 and FeO) and the flux O potential, and to clarify the controversial conclusions raised by different investigators. In particular, a thermodynamic approach has been proposed to simulate the equilibrium FeO activity, during which no measurement of the slag composition is needed. It is revealed that the simulated equilibrium FeO activity is feasible to evaluate the flux potential for both acid and basic fluxes, which may pave a vital way to save the experimental resources on the flux design and analysis.

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Relationship of weld-metal microstructure and penetration to weld-metal oxygen content

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

Development of agglomerated acidic flux for submerged arc welding

Development of agglomerated acidic flux for submerged arc welding

Effect of Single Oxide Fluxes on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of ATIG on 316 L Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds

Thermodynamic Nature of SiO2 and FeO in Flux O Potential Control Subject to Submerged Arc Welding Process

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