Relationship of Type of Disability and Examination Method to Distribution of Scores of Students with Disabilities on the Joint First Stage Achievement Tests

Estimating Testing Time Extension Ratios for Students with Disabilities from Item Cumulative Curves

“…Every year, about 600,000 students take it. As for disabled candidates, various kinds of special treatment have been administered (Fujiyoshi 1995).…”

“…The extension of testing time has been administered for disabled students according to the type and degree of their disabilities in order to eliminate the reflection of the individual's impairment on assessment of achievement level or aptitude (Fujiyoshi 1995;Laing and Farmer 1984;Willingham et al 1988). The present extension ratio of testing time at the National Center Test is 1.3 or 1.5, and the extension ratios of the ACT Assessment and the Scholastic Aptitude Test in the U.S. are from 1.8 to 4.8 (Bennett et al 1985;Fujiyoshi 1995Fujiyoshi , 1997Fujiyoshi , 1999Packer 1987;Ragosta and Wendler 1992;Willingham et al 1988).…”

“…The present extension ratio of testing time at the National Center Test is 1.3 or 1.5, and the extension ratios of the ACT Assessment and the Scholastic Aptitude Test in the U.S. are from 1.8 to 4.8 (Bennett et al 1985;Fujiyoshi 1995Fujiyoshi , 1997Fujiyoshi , 1999Packer 1987;Ragosta and Wendler 1992;Willingham et al 1988). However, the ground of the extension ratio of testing time has long been based only on experience and lacked quantitative explanations.…”