Relationship of toxin production to species in the genus Aeromonas

Barer, Michael R.; Millership, S; Tabaqchali, Soad

doi:10.1099/00222615-22-4-303

Cited by 60 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, Charkraborty and colleagues [14] reported that the elongation effect observed in CHO cells was due to a cytotonic enterotoxin and not a cytotoxin. Further, as had been previously shown [34,35], the production of these toxins was significantly related to species, with A. hydrophila and A. sobria being more likely to produce them than A. caviae.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Only 18-9 % of strains gave a positive response at pH 6-0 in the suckling mouse test, compared with 100 % positive at pH 7 4 and 76-9% positive at pH 10 0. Other workers [30,34] have regarded the cytotonic-like effects observed in various cell lines to be due to protease(s). It has been demonstrated that although protease production by A. hydrophila was accompanied by a fall in pH values [46], protease activity was greater at neutral to alkaline than at very acid pH's [46,47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The incidence of virulence factors in mesophilicAeromonasspecies isolated from farm animals and their environment

Stickler

Bryant

1990

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYSixty-one isolates of Aeromonas spp. from the faeces of pigs, cows and a variety of associated environmental sources were examined for the characteristics that are reputed to have roles in pathogenicity. Most isolates ofAeromonas hydrophila were cytotoxic (96-4%) and were capable of producing cell elongation factor (75%) and haemagglutinins (67-9 %). In contrast few of the Aeromonas caviae isolates produced these three markers (13-6 %, 27-3% and 36-4 % respectively). In general, Aeromonas sobria occupied an intermediate position (36'4 %, 27-3% and 545%), but they did produce the highest mean invasion index for HEp-2 cells. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between the carriage of these factors and it was clear that many isolates of aeromonads from water and animals possessed the full battery of putative virulence factors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The incidence of virulence factors in mesophilicAeromonasspecies isolated from farm animals and their environment

Stickler

Bryant

1990

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Barer et al [3] considered growth at 42°C a useful characteristic for distinguishing A. sobria from A. hydrophila and A. caviae, but tested growth on horse blood agar, and "the test was considered to be positive only if there was no reduction in size of single colonies by visual comparison with those grown at 37°C. '' This is a very subjective test, and not accurate if indeed colonies, albeit smaller ones, did grow at 42°C.…”

Section: Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth at 5°C was also strongly correlated with enterotoxigenicity, as 89% of strains which produced enterotoxin also grew at 5°C. Aeromonas species have been found in chlorinated water supplies [3], which may therefore be a source of psychotrophic food spoilage organisms, which are potential human pathogens. Auto-agglutination of strains requires further study to determine whether this is due to the production of surface structures such as pili.…”

Section: Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of 0/129-sensitive motile Aeromonas strains isolated from freshwater on starch-ampicillin agar

Cahill

MacRae

1992

Microb Ecol

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Motile Aeromonas hydrophila strains were recovered from several freshwater sources by spread-plating water samples on starch-ampicillin agar, originally described as a medium for recovering Aeromonas hydrophila quantitatively from foods. Starch-ampicillin agar was compared with membrane Aeromonas medium and Rimler-Shotts medium for selectivity for, and recovery of, Aeromonas strains from freshwater. Thirty-four Aeromonas strains thus isolated were identified to species level by their phenotypic characteristics, and the Mol% G+C of representative strains was determined. Although resistant to 10 μg of the vibriostatic agent 0/129, all these strains showed sensitivity to 150 μg 0/129, which brings into question the use of this agent for distinguishing aeromonads from vibrios. The ability of these strains to produce extracellular virulence factors was generally similar to that reported for environmental strains isolated by other methods from various geographical locations within and beyond Australia. Ten of the 20 A. sobria strains, but none of the A. hydrophila or A. caviae strains, produced enterotoxin as shown by the suckling mouse test. Haemolysin was produced by 9/10 of the enterotoxigenic A. sobria strains and 2/9 A. hydrophila strains. Hemagglutinating activity was detected in 5/20 A. sobria and 7/9 A. hydrophila strains, and was inhibited by fucose and mannose, but not by galactose. The characteristics of these strains were comparable with those of Aeromonas strains isolated from other freshwater environments apart from their sensitivity to 0/129.

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“…Aeromonas caviae is associated with gastrointestinal disease in adults and acute, severe gastroenteritis in children [124]. A number of putative virulence factors have been identified for A. caviae , including polar flagella, pili and cytotoxin.…”

Section: Structure Of Carbohydrate Antigens Of Gammaproteobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structural Diversity of Carbohydrate Antigens of Selected Gram-Negative Marine Bacteria

2011

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Marine microorganisms have evolved for millions of years to survive in the environments characterized by one or more extreme physical or chemical parameters, e.g., high pressure, low temperature or high salinity. Marine bacteria have the ability to produce a range of biologically active molecules, such as antibiotics, toxins and antitoxins, antitumor and antimicrobial agents, and as a result, they have been a topic of research interest for many years. Among these biologically active molecules, the carbohydrate antigens, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs, O-antigens) found in cell walls of Gram-negative marine bacteria, show great potential as candidates in the development of drugs to prevent septic shock due to their low virulence. The structural diversity of LPSs is thought to be a reflection of the ability for these bacteria to adapt to an array of habitats, protecting the cell from being compromised by exposure to harsh environmental stress factors. Over the last few years, the variety of structures of core oligosaccharides and O-specific polysaccharides from LPSs of marine microrganisms has been discovered. In this review, we discuss the most recently encountered structures that have been identified from bacteria belonging to the genera Aeromonas, Alteromonas, Idiomarina, Microbulbifer, Pseudoalteromonas, Plesiomonas and Shewanella of the Gammaproteobacteria phylum; Sulfitobacter and Loktanella of the Alphaproteobactera phylum and to the genera Arenibacter, Cellulophaga, Chryseobacterium, Flavobacterium, Flexibacter of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides phylum. Particular attention is paid to the particular chemical features of the LPSs, such as the monosaccharide type, non-sugar substituents and phosphate groups, together with some of the typifying traits of LPSs obtained from marine bacteria. A possible correlation is then made between such features and the environmental adaptations undertaken by marine bacteria.

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Relationship of toxin production to species in the genus Aeromonas

Cited by 60 publications

References 20 publications

The incidence of virulence factors in mesophilicAeromonasspecies isolated from farm animals and their environment

The incidence of virulence factors in mesophilicAeromonasspecies isolated from farm animals and their environment

Characteristics of 0/129-sensitive motile Aeromonas strains isolated from freshwater on starch-ampicillin agar

The Structural Diversity of Carbohydrate Antigens of Selected Gram-Negative Marine Bacteria

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