Relationship of toe pinch force to other muscle strength parameters in men with type 2 diabetes

Kataoka, Hironao; Miyatake, Nobuyuki; Kitayama, Naomi; Murao, Satoshi; Kohi, Fumikazu; Tanaka, Satoshi

doi:10.1007/s12199-016-0512-8

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Reduced strength and volume in some muscle groups (especially those in the foot) are observed in patients with diabetes and diabetic neuropathy than in patients with diabetes mellitus but not suffering from diabetic neuropathy [2,26,27]. Furthermore, the patients with diabetes mellitus (especially with neuropathy) have more toe and foot deformities than persons without diabetes mellitus [28,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor toe flexor strength, but not handgrip strength, is associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in middle-aged males

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Previous studies suggested that reduced muscular strength was one of the potential predictor of prevalence of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between toe flexor strength (TFS) and handgrip strength (HGS) and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 1,390 Japanese males (35-59 years). TFS and HGS were measured and medical examinations undertaken. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was defined as fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL, glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol), and/or current use of anti-diabetes mellitus drugs. A total of 114 participants had diabetes mellitus. TFS in participants with diabetes mellitus was significantly lower than that in persons not suffering from diabetes mellitus but HGS was not. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) per 1-standard deviation-increase in muscular strength measurements for the prevalence of diabetes mellitus were obtained using a multiple logistic regression model. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus was inversely related to TFS (OR 0.769, 95% CI 0.614-0.963), TFS/body mass (BM) (0.696, 0.545-0.889) and TFS/body mass index (BMI) (0.690, 0.539-0.882) after adjustment of covariates. Such associations were not observed in HGS (OR 0.976, 95% CI 0.773-1.232), HGS/BM (0.868, 0.666-1.133) or HGS/BMI (0.826, 0.642-1.062). These results suggested that poor TFS was associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus independent of visceral fat accumulation, but HGS was not, in middle-aged males. TFS may be a better marker for the prevalence of diabetes mellitus than HGS. SKELETAL MUSCLE plays an important role in the regulation of substrate utilization in the whole body owing to its considerable capacity for the metabolism of glucose and lipid via insulin-and contraction-induced signals [1]. A reduced mass of skeletal muscle and reduced fitness are related to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance [2][3][4]. In addition, resistance exercise training can reduce the risk of type-2 diabetes mellitus significantly independent of aerobic exercise training [5,6]. Therefore, the strength and mass of the muscle may have a role Submitted Dec. 6, 2017; Accepted Feb. 25, 2018 as EJ17-0517 Released online in J-STAGE as advance publication Mar. 28, 2018 Correspondence to: Masataka Suwa, PhD., Health Support Center WELPO, Toyota Motor Corporation, 1-1, Ipponmatsu, Iwakuracho, Toyota, Aichi, 444-2225, Japan. E-mail: masataka_suwa@mail.toyota.co.jp in the amelioration and/or prevention of diabetes mellitus.Many epidemiologic studies have estimated handgrip strength (HGS) as an indicator of muscular strength which is associated with mortality, heart failure, cancer, falling, and activities of daily living [7,8]. Several studies have demonstrated that poor HGS is associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and increased level of fasting blood glucose (FBG) [9][10][11][12][13][14], but other studies have not indi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor toe flexor strength, but not handgrip strength, is associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in middle-aged males

et al. 2018

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“…Diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and polyneuropathy will be diagnosed based on JDS guidelines. As described in our previous studies 20) , diabetic polyneuropathy is defined by the presence of at least two of the following symptoms: (1) dysesthesia, pain, and/or loss of sensation, (2) decreased or absence of Achilles tendon reflex, and (3) decreased vibratory sensation (≤ 10 sec).…”

Section: Clinical and Laboratory Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…We will measure the handgrip strength and KEF. Handgrip strength will be measured using a handgrip dynamometer (T.K.K.5401, Takei Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Niigata, Japan), as described previously 20) . The subject will be in the standing position with the upper limb relaxed at the side, elbow fully extended, and palm inward.…”

Section: Assessment Of Muscle Strength Skeletal Muscle Mass Motor Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subject will be in the standing position with the upper limb relaxed at the side, elbow fully extended, and palm inward. KEF will be performed using a hand-held dynamometer with belt stabilization (µTas F-1, Anima Inc., Tokyo, Japan), as described previously, and will be measured according to the method of our previous study 20) . All evaluations will be completed twice, and the best records from the left and right arms and legs will be averaged.…”

Section: Assessment Of Muscle Strength Skeletal Muscle Mass Motor Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tele-guidance for intensive physiotherapy in older patients with type 2 diabetes: a study protocol for randomized controlled trial

Kataoka

Nomura

Kawae

et al. 2020

JPFSM

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A recent trend in Japan is the increasing number of older patients with diabetes. Treatment for diabetes mellitus in older patients involves a wide variety of strategies, not only for better glycemic control, but also for the prevention and improvement of locomotive syndrome, sarcopenia, and frailty. Previous studies have shown that tele-guidance treatment interventions are effective for weight loss and increase in physical activity, but their effects on locomotive syndrome, sarcopenia, and glycemic control have not been examined. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of tele-guidance for intensive therapeutic interventions for diabetes mellitus in older patients, carried out by a qualified physical therapist with diabetesspecific qualifications and knowledge. This multi-center study, including 6 hospitals in Japan, is a prospective, parallel-group, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. A total of 78 patients will be registered based on our preliminary studies. Patients aged 65-89 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus will be assigned randomly to intensive intervention and control groups. The effectiveness of 6 months of intervention will be verified by a physical therapist. The primary outcome measure will be the change in isometric knee extension force (KEF), whereas the secondary outcomes will be changes in skeletal muscle mass, motor function, glycemic control, and satisfaction with the treatment. When prescribing exercise therapy to older patients with diabetes mellitus, the various risks associated with exercise should be taken into consideration. Therefore, this study has been designed to establish the efficacy of intensive physiotherapy programs in older patients with diabetes mellitus. Provided that this study shows the effectiveness of tele-guidance in improving physical function and glycemic control, it can be a new intervention strategy for exercise therapy in older diabetes patients.

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“…The use of Checker-kun (Nissin Sangyo Inc., Saitama, Japan) for measurement of toe pinch force was recently developed and established. We have also reported that the toe pinch force equipment has high reproducibility [3], and the measurements were significantly correlated with other muscle strength parameters such as handgrip strength, isometric knee extension force, and isometric ankle dorsiflexion force in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) [4]. In addition, the toe pinch force in patients with type 2 DM was significantly lower than that in patients without type 2 DM, and diabetic polyneuropathy was fundamentally associated with lower toe pinch force in patients with type 2 DM [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study of short-term toe resistance training in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

et al. 2017

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Objective The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of short-term toe resistance training on toe pinch force and toe muscle quality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 12 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized to improve glycemic control (8 men and 4 women, duration of diabetes 12.2 ± 9.5 years) were enrolled in this pilot study. Exercise therapy was performed with conventional aerobic exercise and four newly developed toe resistance training exercises for 2 weeks. Changes in anthropometric parameters, blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and muscle parameters, i.e. muscle mass, toe pinch force and toe muscle quality were evaluated after the exercise program. Results There were no significant differences of body weight, body mass index, BP, heart rate, and upper/lower muscle mass after exercise performance. However, toe pinch force was significantly increased (pre: 2.92 ± 1.19 kg, post: 3.65 ± 1.58 kg, p = 0.007). Toe muscle quality (toe pinch force/lower leg muscle mass) were also significantly increased (pre: 2.15 ± 0.86 kg/kg, post: 2.72 ± 1.26 kg/kg, p = 0.009). Conclusions Two weeks of toe resistance training significantly increased toe pinch force and toe muscle quality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Toe resistance training is might be essential for treating patients with diabetes mellitus in clinical practice. Keywords Type 2 diabetes mellitus Á Toe resistance training Á Toe pinch force Á Toe muscle quality Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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Relationship of toe pinch force to other muscle strength parameters in men with type 2 diabetes

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Poor toe flexor strength, but not handgrip strength, is associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in middle-aged males

Poor toe flexor strength, but not handgrip strength, is associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in middle-aged males

Tele-guidance for intensive physiotherapy in older patients with type 2 diabetes: a study protocol for randomized controlled trial

A pilot study of short-term toe resistance training in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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