Relationship of the Van Allen radiation belts to solar wind drivers

Hudson, M. K.; Kress, Brian; Mueller, H. R.; Zastrow, J.; Blake, J. B.

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2007.11.003

Cited by 117 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…In situ observations of drift-bounce-resonance between energetic electrons and ULF waves following IP shocks have been reported by (Zong et al 2007(Zong et al , 2009aTan et al 2004Tan et al , 2011. As mentioned earlier, this is possible because of the comparable periods of energetic particle drift motion and ULF oscillations (e.g., Southwood and Kivelson 1981;Takahashi et al 1985Takahashi et al , 1990Takahashi et al , 1992Hudson et al 2008;Zong et al 2007Zong et al , 2009a. Drift-resonance with poloidal mode ULF waves (Zong et al 2009a, b) and compressional waves (Tan et al 2011) induced by IP shock impact is associated with fast electron acceleration and even the formation of new radiation belts .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…ULF waves excited by solar wind dynamic pressure variations have much larger amplitudes than VLF waves (Claudepierre et al 2008;Zong et al 2009a, b; and hence the former can accelerate energetic particles at a much faster rate. The comparable timescales associate with drift and bounce motion of energetic particles and ULF wave periods makes drift-bounce-resonance (e.g., Southwood et al 1981;Hudson et al 2008 possible. This process can adiabatically accelerate inner-magnetosphere charged particles and significantly enhance their radial diffusion (e.g., Elkington et al 2003;Loto'aniu et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The interaction of ultra-low-frequency pc3-5 waves with charged particles in Earth’s magnetosphere

Zong

Rankin

Zhou

2017

Rev. Mod. Plasma Phys.

140

162

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One of the most important issues in space physics is to identify the dominant processes that transfer energy from the solar wind to energetic particle populations in Earth's inner magnetosphere. Ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves are an important consideration as they propagate electromagnetic energy over vast distances with little dissipation and interact with charged particles via drift resonance and drift-bounce resonance. ULF waves also take part in magnetosphereionosphere coupling and thus play an essential role in regulating energy flow throughout the entire system. This review summarizes recent advances in the characterization of ULF Pc3-5 waves in different regions of the magnetosphere, including ion and electron acceleration associated with these waves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction of ultra-low-frequency pc3-5 waves with charged particles in Earth’s magnetosphere

Zong

Rankin

Zhou

2017

Rev. Mod. Plasma Phys.

140

162

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“…Specifically, the observations of the CRRES mission, flying in a highly elliptical geosynchronous transfer orbit, revealed the sudden creation of a brand new radiation belt that filled the electron slot region ( Fig. 3; Blake et al 1992; color figures like that shown here are reviewed by Hudson et al 2008). Also in the early 1990's the SAMPEX mission was launched into a low altitude polar orbit with the science goals of studying cosmic rays, radiation belts, and other energetic particles (Mason et al 1990).…”

Section: Background and Contextmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The red profile corresponds to those electrons (>1.5 MeV) that just penetrate about 100 mils (0.25 cm) aluminum. Air Force publication (Blake et al 1992; figure discussed by Hudson et al 2008). The new belt (bright red) is thought to be the result of an interplanetary shock wave impinging on Earth's magnetosphere mission has enabled studies of the dynamics of the low altitude, high latitude extensions of the Earth's radiation belts, the so-called radiation belt "horns" (Fig.…”

Section: Background and Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Science Objectives and Rationale for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission

et al. 2012

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The NASA Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) mission addresses how populations of high energy charged particles are created, vary, and evolve in space environments, and specifically within Earth's magnetically trapped radiation belts. RBSP, with a nominal launch date of August 2012, comprises two spacecraft making in situ measurements for at least 2 years in nearly the same highly elliptical, low inclination orbits (1.1 × 5.8 RE, 10• ). The orbits are slightly different so that 1 spacecraft laps the other spacecraft about every 2.5 months, allowing separation of spatial from temporal effects over spatial scales ranging from ∼0.1 to 5 RE. The uniquely comprehensive suite of instruments, identical on the two spacecraft, measures all of the particle (electrons, ions, ion composition), fields (E and B), and wave distributions (dE and dB) that are needed to resolve the most critical science questions. Here we summarize the high level science objectives for the RBSP mission, provide historical background on studies of Earth and planetary radiation belts, present examples of the most compelling scientific mysteries of the radiation belts, present the mission design of the RBSP mission that targets these mysteries and objectives, present the observation and measurement requirements for the mission, and introduce the instrumentation that will deliver these measurements. This paper references and is followed by a number of companion papers that describe the details of the RBSP mission, spacecraft, and instruments.

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“…The injected electrons remained there for more than one month. As mentioned in the introduction section, there are three possible mechanisms responsible for the flux enhancement of energetic electrons during geomagnetic storms [38,66]: (1) global convective transport from the magnetotail plasma sheet, (2) inward radial diffusion driven by ULF waves and (3) local acceleration through gyro-resonant VLF waveparticle interaction. ULF wave activities are greatly enhanced globally [27,28,32] during this magnetic storm.…”

Section: New Radiation Formation and Slot Region Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast acceleration of “killer” electrons and energetic ions by interplanetary shock stimulated ULF waves in the inner magnetosphere

et al. 2011

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Energetic electrons and ions in the Van Allen radiation belt are the number one space weather threat. Understanding how these energetic particles are accelerated within the Van Allen radiation belt is one of the major challenges in space physics. This paper reviews the recent progress on the fast acceleration of "killer" electrons and energetic ions by ultralow frequency (ULF) waves stimulated by the interplanetary shock in the inner magnetosphere. Very low frequency (VLF) wave-particle interaction is considered to be one of the primary electron acceleration mechanisms because electron cyclotron resonances can easily occur in the VLF frequency range. Recently, using four Cluster spacecraft observations, we have found that, after interplanetary shocks impact the Earth's magnetosphere, energetic electrons in the radiation belt are accelerated almost immediately and continue to accelerate for a few hours. The time scale (a few days) for traditional acceleration mechanisms, based on VLF wave-particle interactions to accelerate electrons to relativistic energies, is too long to explain our observations. Furthermore, we have found that interplanetary shocks or solar wind pressure pulses, with even small dynamic pressure changes, can play a non-negligible role in radiation belt dynamics. Interplanetary shocks interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere manifests many fundamental space physics phenomena including energetic particle acceleration. The mechanism of fast acceleration of energetic electrons in the radiation belt responding to interplanetary shock impacts consists of three contributing parts: (1) the initial adiabatic acceleration due to strong shock-related magnetic field compression; (2) followed by the drift-resonant acceleration with poloidal ULF waves excited at different L-shells; and (3) particle acceleration due to the quickly damping electric fields associated with ULF waves. Particles end up with a net acceleration because they gain more energy in the first half of this cycle than they lose in the second. The results reported in this paper cast a new light on understanding the acceleration of energetic particles in the Earth's Van Allen radiation belt. The results of this study can likewise be applied to interplanetary shock interaction with other planets such as Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, and other astrophysical objects with magnetic fields."killer" electrons, radiation belt, energetic particles acceleration, ULF wave, VLF wave, wave-particle interaction, resonance Citation:Zong Q G, Wang Y F, Yuan C J, et al. Fast acceleration of "killer" electrons and energetic ions by inter-planetary shock stimulated ULF waves in the inner magnetosphere.

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Relationship of the Van Allen radiation belts to solar wind drivers

Cited by 117 publications

References 94 publications

The interaction of ultra-low-frequency pc3-5 waves with charged particles in Earth’s magnetosphere

The interaction of ultra-low-frequency pc3-5 waves with charged particles in Earth’s magnetosphere

Science Objectives and Rationale for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission

Fast acceleration of “killer” electrons and energetic ions by interplanetary shock stimulated ULF waves in the inner magnetosphere

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