Relationship of the inhibition of cell migration with the structure of ginseng pectic polysaccharides

The Inhibitory Effects of a Rhamnogalacturonan Ι (RG-I) Domain from Ginseng Pectin on Galectin-3 and Its Structure-Activity Relationship

“…All of the fractions exhibited weak inhibition with MIC values ranging from 45 to 323 g/ml, although the Gal contents ranged from 3.5 to 56.2% (32,33). These results suggested that the activity of the pectin was not solely determined by its Gal content.…”

“…However, the structural elements of pectin that mediate inhibition of galectin-3 are poorly defined. In this study, we address this issue using a series of ginseng pectins and fragments that were prepared and characterized by our group (32)(33)(34).…”

“…MCP and all pectic samples used in this study were normalized by dialysis against distilled water followed by lyophilization. Ginseng pectin fractions WGPA-1-HG, WGPA-2-HG, WGPA-3-HG, WGPA-4-HG, WGPA-1-RG, WGPA-2-RG, WGPA-3-RG, and WGPA-4-RG were prepared from the roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey according to our published protocol (32,33). Ginseng RG-I fragments RG-I-2, RG-I-3B, and RG-I-4 were prepared from endo-PGdigested ginseng pectin according to our previous publication (34).…”

“…Ginseng Pectic Samples-The ginseng pectin fractions and RG-I fragments that were prepared according to our published protocols (32)(33)(34) were the HG domain-rich fractions (WGPA-1-HG, -2-HG, -3-HG, and -4-HG), the RG-I domain-containing and AG-rich fractions (WGPA-1-RG, -2-RG, -3-RG, and -4-RG), and the RG-I fragments (RG-I-2, RG-I-3B, and RG-I-4) ( Table 1).…”

“…Despite these findings, the structure-activity relationship remains far from clear due to the lack of structurally defined pectin fractions or fragments. In this regard, our research group isolated and characterized four HG-rich and four AG-rich pectins from ginseng and five RG-I-rich pectin fragments from endo-PG-treated ginseng pectin (32)(33)(34). In the present study, we examined the inhibitory effects of these pectins and fragments on galectin-3-mediated activities and identified one of the RG-I-rich pectin fragments as a potent inhibitor of galectin-3.…”