Relationship of the differences in perceived loudness of sound and the optimum listening level between males and females

Hamamura, Mariko; Iwamiya, Shin-ichiro

doi:10.1250/ast.37.40

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…A-weighted sound pressure levels that male participants rated as "optimal" were perceived as "louder than optimal" by female participants. We also found that the difference in optimum loudness between male and female participants was approximately equal to their difference in optimal listening levels (Hamamura and Iwamiya, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Gender differences in loudness perception may be linguistically influenced

Tsuruta-Hamamura

Aono

Iwamiya

2019

Mechanical Engineering Journal

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Previous studies have reported gender differences in loudness perception. To clarify factors that affect loudness perception of men and women, so that differences in their processing of auditory stimuli might be revealed, we conducted four experiments using innovative experimental approaches. A rating experiment employed a wider range of sound stimuli and a greater number of categories on the verbal interval scale to elicit participants' ratings of sounds at different sound pressure levels. As in previous studies, male participants tended to rate the same sounds as less loud than did females. An experiment with the method of adjustment measured the limits of sound pressure level perceived as soft or as loud, and replicated the gender effect: female participants selected lower levels than did males to represent both soft and loud sound categories. The final two experiments sought to measure perceived loudness on a (numeric) ratio scale rather than a (verbal) interval scale. Using the methods of magnitude estimation and magnitude production, these experiments did not produce the clear gender differences seen in the first two experiments. Differences in loudness judgments between males and females may actually reflect differences in the use of verbal expression rather than differences in perception of intensity.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Gender differences in loudness perception may be linguistically influenced

Tsuruta-Hamamura

Aono

Iwamiya

2019

Mechanical Engineering Journal

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“…Moreover, while perceived loudness and sound intensity might be expected to be treated as equal, hearing research showed that two sounds of the same intensity can be rated with different perceived loudness levels due to various factors (e.g., spectral characteristics, bandwidth; Moore, 2003 ). Additionally, perceived loudness levels could be correlated to gender differences since there is evidence that females perceive sounds louder than males despite the same sound pressure level (Hamamura and Iwamiya, 2016 ). Furthermore, there is evidence from sound processing that cortical activations are more likely driven by perceptual factors (e.g., perceived loudness) than physical characteristics (e.g., physical intensity; Langers et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Explorative Analysis For Additional Influential Factors In Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetries in Accessing Vowel Representations Are Driven by Phonological and Acoustic Properties: Neural and Behavioral Evidence From Natural German Minimal Pairs

Riedinger

Nagels

Werth³

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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In vowel discrimination, commonly found discrimination patterns are directional asymmetries where discrimination is faster (or easier) if differing vowels are presented in a certain sequence compared to the reversed sequence. Different models of speech sound processing try to account for these asymmetries based on either phonetic or phonological properties. In this study, we tested and compared two of those often-discussed models, namely the Featurally Underspecified Lexicon (FUL) model (Lahiri and Reetz, 2002) and the Natural Referent Vowel (NRV) framework (Polka and Bohn, 2011). While most studies presented isolated vowels, we investigated a large stimulus set of German vowels in a more naturalistic setting within minimal pairs. We conducted an mismatch negativity (MMN) study in a passive and a reaction time study in an active oddball paradigm. In both data sets, we found directional asymmetries that can be explained by either phonological or phonetic theories. While behaviorally, the vowel discrimination was based on phonological properties, both tested models failed to explain the found neural patterns comprehensively. Therefore, we additionally examined the influence of a variety of articulatory, acoustical, and lexical factors (e.g., formant structure, intensity, duration, and frequency of occurrence) but also the influence of factors beyond the well-known (perceived loudness of vowels, degree of openness) in depth via multiple regression analyses. The analyses revealed that the perceptual factor of perceived loudness has a greater impact than considered in the literature and should be taken stronger into consideration when analyzing preattentive natural vowel processing.

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Relationship of the differences in perceived loudness of sound and the optimum listening level between males and females

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Gender differences in loudness perception may be linguistically influenced

Gender differences in loudness perception may be linguistically influenced

Asymmetries in Accessing Vowel Representations Are Driven by Phonological and Acoustic Properties: Neural and Behavioral Evidence From Natural German Minimal Pairs

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