Relationship of Somatic Cell Count and Mastitis: An Overview

Sharma, Neelesh; Singh, Navav; Bhadwal, M. S.

doi:10.5713/ajas.2011.10233

Cited by 350 publications

(368 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For this reason, it would be important to identify alternatives to the use of antibiotics, especially knowing that mastitis induces disruption of the normal secretory functions of the mammary gland by reducing the number of epithelial cells and their activity. Mammary epithelial cells are able to produce a variety of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, host-defense peptides, and arachidonic acid metabolites (Sharma et al, 2011). An array of immunoregulatory cytokines are likely involved in mediating the immune responses to mastitis and have been proposed as potential preventives for mastitis (Blecha, 1991;Kehrli et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intramammary administration of platelet concentrate as an unconventional therapy in bovine mastitis: First clinical application

Consiglio

Spelta

Garlappi³

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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Bovine udder infections induce a variety of changes in gene expression of different growth factors that may suggest their possible role in glandular tissue protection or repair processes. Growth factors and also chemokines and cytokines may act synergistically to increase the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages to promote angiogenesis, fibroplasia, matrix deposition, and, ultimately, re-epithelialization. Considering the vast applications, typically in human medicine, of platelet concentrate (PC) and its ease of preparation, the aim of our study was to evaluate an alternative therapy to stimulate the regeneration of glandular tissue, administering a concentration in excess of the growth factors contained in the PC. In each one of the 3 farms examined in the trial, PC was prepared from donor cows in good health, free from infections, and with no records of medications administered during the previous 2 mo. The platelet produced in one farm was used only for treating the cows of the same farm in a heterologous way. A total of 229 mastitic quarters were divided in 3 groups: antibiotic group (treated with intramammary antibiotic), antibiotic and PC group (treated intramammarily with antibiotics in association with PC), and PC group (treated with intramammary PC alone). The diagnosis of mastitis was based on somatic cell count and bacteriological evaluation of the milk from the affected quarter. Platelet concentrate, alone or in association with antibiotic, was used for 3 consecutive days as an unconventional therapy in bovine acute and chronic mastitis. Our data show that the associated action of antibiotic and PC performed significantly better than the antibiotic alone, either for the recovery of the affected mammary quarters or for somatic cell count reduction. In the same way, the association antibiotic plus PC showed significantly fewer relapses compared with the antibiotic alone, either for acute or chronic mastitis. The treatment with only PC did not show statistically significant differences compared with both antibiotic alone or associated treatment for acute mastitis, and it was better than the use of only antibiotic for chronic mastitis. Our results show that PC alone may be useful for a quick resolution of the inflammatory response, playing a role in limiting the tissue damage to the mammary gland parenchyma and reducing the recurrence rates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intramammary administration of platelet concentrate as an unconventional therapy in bovine mastitis: First clinical application

Consiglio

Spelta

Garlappi³

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…During the immune response, neutrophils migrate from blood capillaries into gland secretions. These are the most abundant and the most important phagocytes of the innate immunity and they constitute more than 90% of somatic cells in cows with clinical mastitis (Sharma et al, 2011). If neutrophils are effective as antimicrobial defences, they are also a putative source of molecules with proinflammatory and proteolytic roles which harm the mammary epithelium (Capuco et al, 1986;Mehrzad et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediation analysis to estimate direct and indirect milk losses associated with bacterial load in bovine subclinical mammary infections

Detilleux

Théron

Duprez

et al. 2016

Animal

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Milk losses associated with mastitis can be attributed to either effects of pathogens per se (i.e. direct losses) or to effects of the immune response triggered by the presence of mammary pathogens (i.e. indirect losses). Test-day milk somatic cell counts (SCC) and number of bacterial colony forming units (CFU) found in milk samples are putative measures of the level of immune response and of the bacterial load, respectively. Mediation models, in which one independent variable affects a second variable which, in turn, affects a third one, are conceivable models to estimate direct and indirect losses. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of a mediation model in which test-day SCC and milk were regressed toward bacterial CFU measured at three selected sampling dates, 1 week apart. We applied this method on cows free of clinical signs and with records on up to 3 test-days before and after the date of the first bacteriological samples. Most bacteriological cultures were negative (52.38%), others contained either staphylococci (23.08%), streptococci (9.16%), mixed bacteria (8.79%) or were contaminated (6.59%). Only losses mediated by an increase in SCC were significantly different from null. In cows with three consecutive bacteriological positive results, we estimated a decreased milk yield of 0.28 kg per day for each unit increase in log 2 -transformed CFU that elicited one unit increase in log 2 -transformed SCC. In cows with one or two bacteriological positive results, indirect milk loss was not significantly different from null although test-day milk decreased by 0.74 kg per day for each unit increase of log 2 -transformed SCC. These results highlight the importance of milk losses that are mediated by an increase in SCC during mammary infection and the feasibility of decomposing total milk loss into its direct and indirect components.

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“…It is well known that SCC is a useful predictor of IMI (Sharma et al 2011). In our study, statistically significant increase in prevalence of S. aureus and mastitis streptococci was associated with the higher SCC numbers (>150 000; p<0.05 at least; Fisher's exact test; Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of intramammary infections with Staphylococcus aureus and mastitis streptococci in a dairy cattle herd with a history of recurrent clinical mastitis

Vlkova¹,

Babák²,

Vrtková³

et al. 2017

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The aim of the present work was to examine a dairy herd with an anamnesis of recurrent clinical mastitis and decreased milk production. A total of 239 individual cow milk samples originating from asymptomatic cows were collected at four-month intervals and examined mainly for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and mastitis streptococci using standard cultivation methods. In total, 29.7% and 9.2% samples were positive for S. aureus and mastitis streptococci, respectively. Unlike for mastitis streptococci, the prevalence of animals positive for S. aureus had an increasing trend (p<0.05; Chi-squared test for trend) with rising parity. Despite in vitro susceptibility of S. aureus to potentiated penicillins and cephalosporins, the persistence of S. aureus was observed in cows undergoing intramammary treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (a potentiated penicillin antibiotic). All isolates of S. aureus were biofilm-positive and had the same macrorestriction pattern. Furthermore, no dependence was observed between the occurrence of S. aureus in milk and previous cases of clinical mastitis, reproductive and periparturient disorders and administration of antibiotics. In contrast to S. aureus, the occurrence of mastitis streptococci in milk was linked with previous cases of clinical mastitis and intramammary administration of antibiotics.

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Relationship of Somatic Cell Count and Mastitis: An Overview

Cited by 350 publications

References 37 publications

Intramammary administration of platelet concentrate as an unconventional therapy in bovine mastitis: First clinical application

Intramammary administration of platelet concentrate as an unconventional therapy in bovine mastitis: First clinical application

Mediation analysis to estimate direct and indirect milk losses associated with bacterial load in bovine subclinical mammary infections

Epidemiology of intramammary infections with Staphylococcus aureus and mastitis streptococci in a dairy cattle herd with a history of recurrent clinical mastitis

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