Relationship of root necrosis potential of soil to asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) decline in Switzerland

Gordon-Lennox, G.; Gindrat, D.

doi:10.1007/bf00640629

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The root tissue yielded populations of fusaria higher than reported for fusarium pathogens of other crops (Elmer & Lacy, 1987;Gordon & Okamoto, 1990;Smith & Snyder. Occurrence of this species in living asparagus roots and stems, albeit at lower frequencies as found in this study, was reported by various authors (Damicone & Manning, 1985;Gordon-Lennox & Gindrat, 1987;Fantino & Fantuz, 1990;Schreuder er a[., 1995). g-' root tissue.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Contamination of non-asparagus soils with Foa was also reported from the USA (Graham, 1955;Hartung et al, 1990), Switzerland (Gordon-Lennox & Gindrat, 1987) and France (Nourisseau et a l . , 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…) emend. 1985;Gordon-Lennox & Gindrat, 1987;Hartung, Stephens & Elmer, 1990;Nourisseau. asparagi (Cohen and Heald) (Foa) is known as one of the incitants of fusarium crown and root rot and causes extensive rotting of all below-ground parts of asparagus (Asparagus oficinalis L.) (Cohen & Heald.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inoculum sources of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. asparagi in asparagus production

Blok

Bollen

1996

Annals of Applied Biology

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Fusarium oxysporum f s p . asparagi (Foa) incites crown and root rot of asparagus which causes early decline of asparagus plantings. The aim of the present study was to identify the main inoculum sources of the pathogen in the Netherlands.As has been reported for foreign seed lots, Dutch seed lots can be infested with Foa at low levels. We found that seed infestation occurs mainly during the seed harvesting process through infested soil adhering to fallen berries.Soil samples from 59 fields without a history of asparagus growing and differing in their distance from asparagus plantings were tested for infestation with Foa, using a bioassay with asparagus as a bait plant. A high correlation was found between the incidence of infestation and proximity to asparagus fields; Foa was found in 69% of the samples from fresh fields in an asparagus production centre, and in only 6% of the samples from fields at a distance of 1 km and more from asparagus fields and outside a production centre.To evaluate planting material as an inoculum source of Foa, 49 lots of oneyear-old crowns from 23 nurseries were collected and rated for disease symptoms. Infestation was found to be common with only two lots free of symptomatic plants. Most of the lots had more than 75% of symptomatic plants. Although most of the plants were infested, they showed only slight root rot symptoms. The procedure for production of Foa-free planting material is discussed.Persistence and infestation of asparagus root residues in former asparagus fields was assessed by retrieving the residues from eight former asparagus fields with an asparagus-free period of one to 25 years, and three fields with a standing asparagus crop. Even after an asparagus-free period of 25 yr asparagus root residues were retrieved from soil, although at low levels. Mean population densities of Fusarium spp. declined from 2 X lo6 to 1 X lo5 colony forming units g-' air-dry root tissue during the first 10 years and were still > lo4 c.f.u. g-' airdry root tissue 20 to 25 yr after asparagus produced was stopped. The population was dominated by F. oxysporum. Eighty-three of the 112 isolates (74%) of F. oxysporum belonged to the forma specialis asparagi. The proportion of Foa in the population did not decrease in time. It was concluded that persistence of Foa in asparagus root residues is a major reason for its long-term survival.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

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Inoculum sources of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. asparagi in asparagus production

Blok

Bollen

1996

Annals of Applied Biology

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“…Another variety of the same species, var. corymbiferum, was mentioned by GordonLennox and Gindrat [1987] as being highly pathogenic to aseptically grown plantlets. C. didymum was reported by Brayford [1987] as a weak pathogen of asparagus but details on symptoms were not given.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi on roots and stem bases of asparagus in the Netherlands: species and pathogenicity

Blok

Bollen

1995

Eur J Plant Pathol

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A survey was made to identify the most important soilborne fungal pathogens of asparagus crops in the Netherlands. Ten plants were selected from each of five fields with a young (1-4 y) first planting, five fields with an old (6-13 y) first planting and five fields with a young replanting. The analysis included fungi present in the stem base and the roots of plants with symptoms of foot and root rot or showing growth decline without specific disease symptoms. Isolates of each species were tested for pathogenicity to asparagus on aseptically grown plantlets on Knop's agar. Symptoms were caused by Fusarium oxysporum, F. culmorum, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium, Cylindrocarpon didymum, Phialophora malorum, Phoma terrestris and Acremonium strictum. F. oxysporum was by far the most common species and was isolated from 80% of the plants. Not all of its isolates were pathogenic to asparagus. Symptoms were caused by 67%, 78% and 93% of the isolates obtained from young first plantings, old first plantings and replantings, respectively. F. culmorum was isolated from 31% of the plants. Two other notorious pathogens of asparagus, F. moniliforme and F. proliferatum, did not occur in our samples.Species causing symptoms in the vitro test that were found on more than 5% of the plants were additionally tested for their pathogenicity in pot experiments. F. oxysporum f.sp. asparagi caused severe foot md root rot, significantly reduced root weights and killed most of the plants. F. culmorum caused lesions )n the stem base often resulting in death of the plant. P. terrestris, a fungus only once reported as a 9athogen of asparagus, caused an extensive root rot, mainly of secondary roots that became reddish. The :ungus was isolated in only a few samples and is not to be regarded as an important pathogen in Dutch sparagus crops. P. malorum caused many small brown lesions on the stem base and incidentally also n the upper part of small main roots. This is the first report of its pathogenicity to asparagus. The angus is one of the organisms inciting spear 'rust' and it reduced crop quality rather than crop yield. P. errucosum var. cyclopium and C. didymum did not cause symptoms in pot experiments. Because of its predominance on plants with foot and root rot and its high virulence, F. oxysporum sp. asparagi was considered to be the main soilborne pathogen of asparagus in the Netherlands. Ltroduction'paragus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is one of the tin vegetable crops grown in the southeastern part of the Netherlands. The asparagus produced is almost exclusively white asparagus. In this area, asparagus has been grown for several decades and many growers do not have fresh land available.

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“…redolens Fusarium redolens is a relatively common soil borne fungus found in temperate parts of the world. It has been recorded on a variety of hosts associated with root rot diseases, in particular with asparagus, beans, carnation, peas, roses and spinach (Booth 1971;Clarkson 1978;Gordon-Lennox and Gindrat 1987;Larsson and Olofsson 1994;Ypema et al 1987). It also has been recovered from native grasslands in North America (McMullen and Stack 1983).…”

Section: Fusarium Redolens Wollenwebermentioning

confidence: 97%