Relationship of pulmonary impairment in simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis to type of radiographic opacity

Seaton, Anthony; Lapp, N. L.; Morgan, William J.

doi:10.1136/oem.29.1.50

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was measured by the single breath technique (Ogilvie et al, 1957) modified by using residual volume obtained in the plethysmograph and analysing the gases in a gas chromatograph (Beckman Co., Fullerton, California, Model GC5A). Values obtained in 20 healthy men and 30 healthy women subjects in the ALFORD laboratory were used to predict the normal diffusing capacity in these subjects (Seaton, 1972;Seaton, Lapp, and Morgan, 1972).…”

Section: Methods'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in the size of airspaces in normal human lungs as estimated by aerosols.

Lapp¹,

Hankinson²,

Amandus³

et al. 1975

Thorax

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1975). Thorax, 30,[293][294][295][296][297][298][299] Variability in the size of airspaces in normal human lungs as estimated by aerosols. Measurement of persistence, expressed as half-life (t4), of a monodisperse aerosol during breath holding was interpreted as an indirect estimate of the size of intrapulmonary airspaces in healthy subjects. Within subject variation of t-measured over a period of nearly two years was small (coefficient of variation 7 7 to 11 5 %). Mean effective airspace diameters were calculated from the aerosol ti values using the settling term from the equation of Landahl (1950). Calculated mean airspace diameters ranged from 0 30 to 0'79 mm for 36 males and from 0 40 to 0-62 mm for 12 females. Airspace diameters correlated poorly with age, height, weight, and lung volumes. These results suggest marked differences in airways geometry in subjects with similar heights and lung volumes.Previous work has shown that the persistence expressed as half-life (tj) of aerosol in the human respiratory tract during breath holding can be interpreted as an indirect method of estimating the size of the airspaces containing the aerosol during breath holding (Palmes, Altshuler, and Nelson, 1967;Palmes, 1973;Palmes et al., 1973

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Section: Methods'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in the size of airspaces in normal human lungs as estimated by aerosols.

Lapp¹,

Hankinson²,

Amandus³

et al. 1975

Thorax

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“…Nevertheless, in a small proportion of coal miners' abnormal pulmonary function tests, airflow obstruction and changes in diffusing capacity were observed with macules (pea-size small opacities) (60). A 9-year follow-up study of coal miners with simple CWP (small rounded opacities) showed only a small fall in gas exchange (61).…”

Section: Respiratory Symptoms Ofcwpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

Castranova

Vallyathan

2000

Environ Health Perspect

306

179

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Exposure to coal mine dust and/or crystalline silica results in pneumoconiosis with initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. This review presents characteristics of simple and complicated coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) as well as pathologic indices of acute and chronic silicosis by summarizing results of in vitro, animal, and human investigations. These results support four basic mechanisms in the etiology of CWP and silicosis: a) direct cytotoxicity of coal dust or silica, resulting in lung cell damage, release of lipases and proteases, and eventual lung scarring; b) activation of oxidant production by pulmonary phagocytes, which overwhelms the antioxidant defenses and leads to lipid peroxidation, protein nitrosation, cell injury, and lung scarring; c) activation of mediator release from alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells, which leads to recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive species and in further lung injury and scarring; o) secretion of growth factors from alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells, stimulating fibroblast proliferation and eventual scarring. Results of in vitro and animal studies provide a basis for proposing these mechanisms for the initiation and progression of pneumoconiosis. Data obtained from exposed workers lend support to these mechanisms.

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“…Motley et al (1950) reported a decrease in VC and FEV, parameters in the micronodular stage of pneumoconiosis. Brasseur (1963) reported lower values of FVC and FEV, in cases suffering from p and q types of simple pneumoconiosis as compared to those having normal X-rays, while Sargent and Morgan (1980), Renzetti et al (1970), Seaton et al (1972), Ziskind et al (1976) and Gupta et al (1976) observed relatively normal ventilatory function in simple pneumoconiosis. Pulmonary function impairment in advanced (A,B ,C) categories of pneumoconiosis observed in the present study is consistent with the findings of Zhicheng (1986), Jones et al (1975), Gupta et al (1976) and Rastogi et al (1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Pulmonary Function Study in Female Grinders Exposed to Agate Dust

et al. 1990

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This paper reports a cross-sectional study of a non-smoking population of silica exposed female workers compared with a group of healthy non-exposed females. The exposed group is divided into cohorts according to the presence or absence of pneumoconiosis in either simple or complex form. The study revealed statistically significant difference in pulmonary function between each of the pneumoconiosis group and the controls and healthy exposed workers. Furthermore, there was statistically significant difference between the values of pulmonary function parameters of the healthy exposed group and the controls. The most important observation of the study is that almost equal decrement of pulmonary function values was observed in the diseased groups and in the healthy exposed group compared to the decrement seen between the latter group and the control group. VC and FVC showed a mean fall of 11.0 and 11.5% in the healthy exposed group as compared to those observed in the unexposed controls (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05) while in the pneumoconiosis group VC and FVC showed 16.9 and 18.2% decrease as compared with the values obtained in the healthy grinders (p less than 0.01). Similarly FEV1 showed almost same decrease in the healthy (17.9%) and diseased (20.7%) exposed groups (p less than 0.001). However, FEV0.75 and MVV parameters showed greater decrement (25.4 and 33.7%) in the pneumoconiosis group as compared to 15.7 and 18.5% observed in the healthy exposed workers. The important observation made in this study is that potential pulmonary debilitation may occur in pneumoconiosis before, or in the absence of, any radiologic findings.

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Relationship of pulmonary impairment in simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis to type of radiographic opacity

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Variability in the size of airspaces in normal human lungs as estimated by aerosols.

Variability in the size of airspaces in normal human lungs as estimated by aerosols.

Silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

Pulmonary Function Study in Female Grinders Exposed to Agate Dust

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