Relationship of Physical Job Demands to Initiating Smoking among Working People: A Population-based Cross-sectional Study

Gender and age disparities in the associations of occupational factors with alcohol abuse and smoking in the French working population

“…First, we found that the workers of both genders with shortterm employment were subject to a much higher risk for both alcohol abuse and smoking [4,10]. These findings suggest that workers with short-term employment may consume alcohol or tobacco to cope with their occupational problems and job insecurity [38][39][40].…”

“…It was very high among young adults for alcohol abuse and for smoking, less high among the subjects aged 30-39 for smoking, not significant for older ages in males and only significant for alcohol abuse among the oldest age group ( 40 years) among females. These patterns could reflect greater work-related difficulties or occupational exposure [10], a lack of experience or job knowledge, and possibly higher job expectations among young workers in the male subpopulation. To our knowledge, this contrast between genders has never been shown.…”

“…Workers who request a job change are more subject to work injuries [8] and remaining in that position results in alterations in cognitive processes, work abilities, risk perception, and increased stress [9], which can increase tobacco/alcohol use in order to cope [10][11][12][13]. Moreover, short-term employment is associated with hazardous work conditions and rapid turnover, which increases risk of work injury [14,15], income erosion, job insecurity, and lack of prospects for promotion, leading to increased stress and job dissatisfaction [10][11][12][13]. In 2005, 14.5% of workers in the EU25 countries had a short-term contract [16].…”

“…Every year, young people start work lacking job knowledge and experience, resulting in a higher work injury risk [27]. One study in northeastern France showed that high physical/psychological occupational demands favor smoking initiation or transition into intensive smoking during the first years of work (< 30 years) [10]. On the other hand, workers aged 40 or more have a higher prevalence of physical/mental disabilities [29], limiting their ability to cope with occupational problems [30].…”

The role of occupational activities and work environment in occupational injury and interplay of personal factors in various age groups among Indian and French coalminers

“…As a result, after several years of working, diseases or a premature weakening may lead to workers being more prone to certain types of occupational injuries [3,12]. Furthermore, many workers consume some substances in order to cope with adverse work conditions, which also contributes to an alteration of health status and working capacities [13,19]. Those people need to be monitored and should be given appropriate job in order to reduce their injury risk.…”