Relationship of Phosmet Deposit Parameters to Mortality of Newly-Hatched Oriental Fruit Moth Larvae1

Fisher, Richard W.; Menzies, D. R.

doi:10.1093/jee/71.1.43

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Small droplets required 2.5 times the density/cm2 at the 50% level of mortality, i.e., 122/cm2 of the small vs. 50/cm2 of the large droplets (Table I). As found with oriental fruit moth (Fisher and Menzies 1978), for any percentage area covered, the small droplets gave a higher mortality of larvae. Two times as much treated area was required for the large as for the small droplets to produce 50% mortality (Table I).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Nigrosine dye (0.5 g/ 9 ) was dissolved in the suspension fluid to make droplets visible on a bond paper substratum. Droplets of predetermined size were produced with a droplet generator (Menzies and Fisher 1975), counted, and sized with a Vickers Split-image eyepiece (Fisher and Dougan 1970); larvae were transferred in groups from an untreated "transfer surface" to a treated surface and vice versa by tapping the inverted surface (Fisher and Menzies 1978).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PICKUP OF PHOSMET WETTABLE POWDER BY CODLING MOTH LARVAE (LASPEYRESIA POMONELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)) AND TOXICITY RESPONSES OF LARVAE TO SPRAY DEPOSITS

Fisher

Menzies

1979

Can Entomol

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Larvae picked up wettable powder particles on legs, setae, and mouth parts. Phosmet was 5 times more toxic in small droplets than in large droplets to first instar codling moth, but small droplets required 2.5 times the number/cm2. With large droplets, a larger treated area was required to produce 50% mortality. For any percentage area covered small droplets gave higher mortality. Speed of toxic action was related to amount of phosmet/cm2 and to no. of droplets/cm2.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PICKUP OF PHOSMET WETTABLE POWDER BY CODLING MOTH LARVAE (LASPEYRESIA POMONELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)) AND TOXICITY RESPONSES OF LARVAE TO SPRAY DEPOSITS

Fisher

Menzies

1979

Can Entomol

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“…Although there may be reasons for observed differences in larval survival and entry rates (e.g., skin texture, apple surface phytochemistry, and turgor), this Þnding mainly underscores the difÞculty of achieving effective chemical control of oriental fruit moth, because of a very limited window of contact with fruit surface insecticide residues. Adequate rates of insecticides and spray coverage (Fisher and Menzies 1978;Menzies et al 1979Menzies et al , 1980 are critical to obtain adequate exposure of newly hatched larvae to a lethal dose of an insecticidal material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Cultivar-Associated Variation in Oviposition Preference of Oriental Fruit Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Adults and Feeding Behavior of Neonate Larvae in Apples

Myers

Hull

Krawczyk

2006

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The Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) has become a pest of tree fruits since its introduction to the United States in the early twentieth century. Oriental fruit moth has historically been a major pest problem in peach production, and outbreaks in commercial apple (Malus spp.) orchards in the eastern United States were rare until the late 1990s. Recent outbreaks in Mid-Atlantic apple orchards have lead researchers to investigate host-associated effects on oriental fruit moth biology, behavior, and population dynamics. Studies were designed to assess cultivar level effects in apples on oviposition and larval feeding behavior of oriental fruit moth. In a mixed cultivar apple orchard, total oriental fruit moth oviposition and oviposition site preferences varied between cultivars. These preferences also varied over time, when sampling was repeated at various times of the growing season. Although most adult female oriental fruit moth preferentially oviposited in the calyx and stem areas of apple fruit, noticeable numbers of eggs also were laid on the sides of fruit, contradicting some previous reports. Oriental fruit moth females exhibited a strong ovipositional preference for fruit that were previously damaged by oriental fruit moth or codling moth, Cydia ponmonella (L.). The majority of newly hatched oriental fruit moth larvae were observed to spend <24 h on the surface of apple fruit before entry, and this behavior was observed on several apple cultivars. Neonate larvae exhibited a preference for entering fruit at either the stem or calyx ends, regardless of their initial site of placement. Our findings underscore the importance of adequate spray coverage and accurate timing of insecticide applications targeting oriental fruit moth.

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“…Potter tower direct spray application The Potter tower (Potter 1952) has been used for comparison of insecticide efficacies against first instar lepidopteran larvae (Fisher & Menzies 1978;Pree 1979). First instars were chosen for ease of obtaining large numbers of uniformly sized individuals, ease of handling, and rapidity of application.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of insecticides toEpiphyas postvittana(Walker) andPlanotortrix excessana(Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Suckling

Chapman

Penman

1986

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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The responses of Epiphyas postvittana and Planotortrix excessana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) larvae to insecticides were compared using three laboratory methods: topical application, direct application, and exposure to residues. The order of toxicity was fen valerate > chlorpyrifos > azinphos-methyl > phosmet for topically applied insecticides on E. postvittana, and fen valerate > azinphos-methyl for P. excessana. For technical grade insecticides applied to first instar E. postvittana larvae in a Potter tower, the order of toxicity was deltamethrin > cypermethrin > fen valerate > permethrin > azinphos-methyl > triazophos > chlorpyrifos > azinphos-ethyl > phosmet > carbaryl> etrimphos > DDD. Against first-instar P. excessana larvae, with the same method, the order of toxicity was cypermethrin > fen valerate > azinphos-methyl > chlorpyrifos > phosmet > carbaryl. After exposure of first-instar E. postvittana and P. excessana to residues, the order of toxicity was deltamethrin > chlorpyrifos > cypermethrin > fen valerate > azinphos-methyl > phosmet, although deltamethrin was not tested against the latter species.

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Relationship of Phosmet Deposit Parameters to Mortality of Newly-Hatched Oriental Fruit Moth Larvae1

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

PICKUP OF PHOSMET WETTABLE POWDER BY CODLING MOTH LARVAE (LASPEYRESIA POMONELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)) AND TOXICITY RESPONSES OF LARVAE TO SPRAY DEPOSITS

PICKUP OF PHOSMET WETTABLE POWDER BY CODLING MOTH LARVAE (LASPEYRESIA POMONELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)) AND TOXICITY RESPONSES OF LARVAE TO SPRAY DEPOSITS

Seasonal and Cultivar-Associated Variation in Oviposition Preference of Oriental Fruit Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Adults and Feeding Behavior of Neonate Larvae in Apples

Toxicity of insecticides toEpiphyas postvittana(Walker) andPlanotortrix excessana(Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

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