Relationship of Organic Carbon and Mineral Content to Bulk Density in Louisiana Marsh Soils

Gosselink, James G.; Hatton, R. S.; Hopkinson, Charles S.

doi:10.1097/00010694-198403000-00007

Cited by 46 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Even though carbon and nitrogen contents differ greatly between the two soils (Table 3), the amount of carbon or nitrogen per volume (density), which is important in studies involving microbial activity (Gosselink et al, 1984), was quite similar and is within the range reported by Minkkinen and Laine (1998) for drained peats. Carbon availability measured as carbon density was similar in both soils in the top layer and could not explain differences in CO 2 emission rates between the soils.…”

Section: Effect Of Soil Type On Emission Ratessupporting

confidence: 56%

Influence of water table level and soil properties on emissions of greenhouse gases from cultivated peat soil

Berglund

2011

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

137

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A lysimeter method using undisturbed soil columns was used to investigate the effect of water table depth and soil properties on soil organic matter decomposition and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cultivated peat soils. The study was carried out using cultivated organic soils from two locations in Sweden: Örke, a typical cultivated fen peat with low pH and high organic matter content and Majnegården, a more uncommon fen peat type with high pH and low organic matter content. Even though carbon and nitrogen contents differ greatly between the sites, carbon and nitrogen density are quite similar. A drilling method with minimal soil disturbance was used to collect 12 undisturbed soil monoliths (50 cm high, ⌀29.5 cm) per site. They were sown with ryegrass (Lolium perenne) after the original vegetation was removed. The lysimeter design allowed the introduction of water at depth so as to maintain a constant water table at either 40 cm or 80 cm below the soil surface. CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from the lysimeters were measured weekly and complemented with incubation experiments with small undisturbed soil cores subjected to different tensions (5, 40, 80 and 600 cm water column). CO 2 emissions were greater from the treatment with the high water table level (40 cm) compared with the low level (80 cm). N 2 O emissions peaked in springtime and CH 4 emissions were very low or negative. Estimated GHG emissions during one year were between 2.70 and 3.55 kg CO 2 equivalents m -2 . The results from the incubation experiment were in agreement with emissions results from the lysimeter experiments. We attribute the observed differences in GHG emissions between the soils to the contrasting dry matter liability and soil physical properties. The properties of the different soil layers will determine the effect of water table regulation. Lowering the water table without exposing new layers with easily decomposable material would have a limited effect on emission rates.

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Section: Effect Of Soil Type On Emission Ratessupporting

confidence: 56%

Influence of water table level and soil properties on emissions of greenhouse gases from cultivated peat soil

Berglund

2011

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

137

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“…Although the inorganic mineral content is the most important influence on near-surface soil bulk density in salt marshes (17,18), the input of organic detritus by plants lowers the bulk density (19). Moreover, plants alter the hydrodynamics and subsequently the spatial and temporal variability of inorganic sediment deposition throughout the wetland (e.g., refs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does vegetation prevent wave erosion of salt marsh edges?

Feagin

Lozada-Bernard

Ravens

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

243

154

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This study challenges the paradigm that salt marsh plants prevent lateral wave-induced erosion along wetland edges by binding soil with live roots and clarifies the role of vegetation in protecting the coast. In both laboratory flume studies and controlled field experiments, we show that common salt marsh plants do not significantly mitigate the total amount of erosion along a wetland edge. We found that the soil type is the primary variable that influences the lateral erosion rate and although plants do not directly reduce wetland edge erosion, they may do so indirectly via modification of soil parameters. We conclude that coastal vegetation is bestsuited to modify and control sedimentary dynamics in response to gradual phenomena like sea-level rise or tidal forces, but is less well-suited to resist punctuated disturbances at the seaward margin of salt marshes, specifically breaking waves.coast ͉ hurricane ͉ wave attenuation ͉ wetland

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“…The long-term health of an organicrich salt marsh is dependent on the amount and fate of this belowground organic production. In organic-rich salt marshes, soil density is primarily determined by the inorganic content, and the accretion rate is determined by the vertical accumulation of organics (Gosselink et al 1984, Turner et al 2000. Differences between streamside and inland organic accumulation in a Virginia (USA) marsh, for example, are explained by variations in the organic production belowground rather than variations in the decomposition rates or inorganic content (Blum 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of eutrophication on salt marsh root and rhizome biomass accumulation

Darby¹,

Turner²

2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

139

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The root:shoot ratio of grassland plants may be lower in high fertility sites than in low fertility sites as plants modify their root, rhizome and shoot morphologies (and masses) to suit prevailing nutrient availability. We conducted geographically diverse and regionally specific field sampling and measured above-and belowground plant biomasses in western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico salt marshes to determine whether there is a similar morphological response in Spartina alterniflora, the dominant salt marsh plant. Coastal nutrient addition/enrichment, which is widespread and ongoing, may lower root and rhizome biomass, belowground production and organic accumulation in this species. Higher soil respiration and a lower Eh (redox potential) are expected additional soil property changes. The addition of P, more than of N, seems to reduce root and rhizome biomass accumulation. The cumulative effects of increased nutrient loadings on salt marshes may be to decrease soil elevation and accelerate the conversion of emergent plant habitat to open water, particularly on the lower marsh. The recommendations for management practices intended to conserve coastal marshes include reducing nutrient loading to coastal zones, solving water quality problems with a multiple nutrient approach, and choosing monitoring metrics that are based on both above-and belowground plant biomass.KEY WORDS: Salt marsh · Nutrients · Spartina alterniflora · Belowground biomass · Die-back Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 363: [63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] 2008 accretion is too low or too high, respectively. An aggressive new form of Phragmites australis apparently out-competes Spartina alterniflora on the landward side of cordgrass distribution; in part, the dominance of P. australis results from its greater belowground biomass production, with a consequent rise in soil elevation that has negative effects on S. alterniflora (Rooth & Stevenson 2000, Bertness et al. 2002. Soil elevation may be lowered to the detriment of cordgrass survival if either root production is decreased or the decomposition of accumulated organic matter is accelerated sufficiently that net organic accumulation is less than relative sea level rise. Additional evidence for the influence of belowground biomass on marsh vigor is that the amount of live root + rhizome (R+R) biomass is a diagnostic of plant health in Louisiana salt marshes (Turner et al. 2004). The R+R biomass there was 7 times higher in marshes categorized as 'healthy' than in deteriorating 'unhealthy' marshes.An implication of these observations is that the increases in nutrient loading to coastal systems, which are widespread (National Research Council 2000, Cloern 2001, Rabalais 2002, Howarth & Marino 2006, may alter marsh ecosystem functions and perhaps compromise the long-term stability of salt marshes by reducing root production and causing a consequential decline in soil organic accumulation. Morris & Bradley (1999), for example, f...

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Relationship of Organic Carbon and Mineral Content to Bulk Density in Louisiana Marsh Soils

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of water table level and soil properties on emissions of greenhouse gases from cultivated peat soil

Influence of water table level and soil properties on emissions of greenhouse gases from cultivated peat soil

Does vegetation prevent wave erosion of salt marsh edges?

Effects of eutrophication on salt marsh root and rhizome biomass accumulation

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