Relationship of Morphologic Changes in the Brain and Spinal Cord and Disease Symptoms with Cerebrospinal Fluid Hydrodynamic Changes in Patients with Chiari Malformation Type I

Correlation of a new hydrodynamic index with other effective indexes in Chiari I malformation patients with different associations

“…Some studies have investigated the relationship between different morphometric and volumetric parameters affecting this disease or the relationship between these parameters and patients' symptoms 2,19 . Despite all these efforts and advances in neuroimaging technologies, there are still different and sometimes conflicting opinions about which morphological and volumetric parameters are more effective and relevant than other parameters 12,17,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . For example, some studies have considered the reduction of posterior cranial fossa (PCF) volume as the primary characteristic of CM-I 17,29,30 .…”

“…However, another group of studies has shown that the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydrodynamics is highly prominent in managing many diseases associated with the CSF circulation system 21,[33][34][35][36][37][38] . Hydrodynamic studies of CSF have shown that the incidence of CM-I is accompanied by changes in hydrodynamic parameters of CSF flow 21,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] . Many studies have compared CSF velocity changes measured with phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) to assess patients' conditions or outcomes of surgical procedures [47][48][49][50] .…”

“…However, PC-MRI has limitations in measuring velocity distribution at all locations and under all conditions of patients, and further, it cannot measure CSF pressure 51,52 . Hence, CSF hydrodynamic parameters have been calculated in many studies non-invasively using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation and have been used as an index for assessing conditions and surgical outcomes of CM-I patients 21,[53][54][55][56][57][58] . Despite numerous studies performed for assessing hydrodynamic parameters affecting CM-I, many studies still doubt the role of CSF hydrodynamics in the pathophysiology of CM-I patients 53,59 , and thus, are uncertain about the significance of hydrodynamic parameters.…”

Finite element analysis of occlusal splint therapy in patients with bruxism

“…2a. One of the most important issues in numerical computer simulations is to ensure the mesh convergence of responses [44][45][46][47][48]. The tetrahedral element was used for meshing the models (Fig.…”

Finite element analysis of occlusal splint therapy in patients with bruxism

“…The average force exerted by the medial pterigoid muscle and masseter muscle for both of the left and right muscles was assumed to be 50 N [20,42]. It should be noted that, according to previous studies, the force of these muscles should be applied under a particular angle to the model, as shown in Fig 2a. One of the most important issues in numerical computer simulations is to ensure the mesh convergence of responses [44][45][46][47][48]. The tetrahedral element was used for meshing the models (Fig 1c).…”