Relationship of menopause to skeletal and muscle mass

Aloia, John F.; McGowan, Dennis E.; Vaswani, A.; Ross, Paul; Cohn, S. H.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/53.6.1378

Cited by 218 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This might be explained by a higher level of physical activity in this subgroup because physically active subjects are more likely to present higher FFM. 23 Postmenopausal women were shown to have higher FM and lower FFM 24 as well as lower SM 25 compared with younger women. This is in agreement with our analysis, because in female age groups X40 years, which mainly comprise women during or after menopause, a shift to lower FFMI and higher FMI was more pronounced (Figure 1b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Total and regional relationship between lean and fat mass with increasing adiposity—impact for the diagnosis of sarcopenic obesity

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Besides the effect of age used to define sarcopenia, there is need to understand the impact of adiposity on the relationship between lean (fat-free mass, FFM) and fat mass (FM) in order to diagnose sarcopenic obese phenotypes. More importantly, the regional distribution of skeletal muscle (SM) to adipose tissue (AT) or the composition of FFM (that is, SM proportion of lean mass) may also depend on adiposity. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In a large database (n ¼ 1737) of healthy males and females (age 11-84 years, BMI 13.5-52.5 kg/m 2 ) we investigated changes in the relationship between FFM and FM (normalized by height as fat-free mass index and fat mass index: FFMI and FMI, kg/m 2 assessed by densitometry) with increasing adiposity and age. In a subgroup (n ¼ 263) we analyzed the relationship between regional SM and (i) AT (by magnetic resonance imaging) or (ii) lean soft tissue (by dual X-ray absorptiometry) with increasing adiposity. RESULTS: The relationship between lean and FM was influenced by adiposity, age and gender. With increasing adiposity, SM/AT declined faster at the trunk in men and at the extremities in women. The contribution of appendicular SM to lean soft tissue of arms and legs tended to decrease at a higher adiposity in both genders (FMI 46.97 kg/m 2 in women; FMI47.77 kg/m 2 in men). CONCLUSION: Besides age and gender, adiposity and body region should be considered when evaluating the normal relationship between lean and FM, SM/FFM and SM/AT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Total and regional relationship between lean and fat mass with increasing adiposity—impact for the diagnosis of sarcopenic obesity

et al. 2012

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“…The presence of a stronger association between the ADRB3 missense change and obesity in premenopausal women may be explained by the fact that the expression of ADRB3 is age-dependent and expression has been shown to decrease with age. 11 Studies also have found postmenopausal women to have significantly higher BMI 41 and significantly less fat-free mass [41][42][43] than premenopausal women, whereas others have reported the odds of being obese was similar for pre-and postmenopausal women. 44 In our sample of breast cancer cases, the association of ADRB3 and obesity was strongest among women with a history of chemotherapy.…”

Section: Adrb3 and Obesity R Mckean-cowdin Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

The ADRB3 Trp64Arg variant and obesity in African-American breast cancer cases

McKean‐Cowdin

Bernstein

et al. 2007

Int J Obes

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Objective: To determine if a missense change at codon 64 of ADRB3 (Trp64Arg), a candidate obesity gene, is associated with obesity and levels of subcutaneous or visceral fat in African-American breast cancer cases. Several observational studies have found that women, who are overweight or obese at the time of diagnosis, as well as those who gain weight after diagnosis, are at greater risk for breast cancer recurrence and death than non-overweight women. Design: Prospective cohort of breast cancer cases. Subjects: 219 African-American breast cancer patients participating in the Los Angeles component of the Health, Eating, Activity and Lifestyle Study. Measures: ADRB3 Trp64Arg genotype, measures of weight including body mass index (BMI), weight gain (weight 5 years before diagnosis compared with weight at 30 months after diagnosis), obesity (BMIX30 kg/m 2 ), waist/hip circumference and visceral or subcutaneous fat were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Results: African-American women who were homozygous for the ADRB3 wild-type allele had significantly higher mean visceral fat levels than women who carried the variant (P ¼ 0.04), and were significantly more likely to be obese (odd ratios (OR) ¼ 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 1.1-4.2). The association with obesity was most pronounced among women who were premenopausal (OR ¼ 4.8, 95% CI ¼ 1.3-18), who received chemotherapy for their breast cancer (OR ¼ 6.1, 95% CI ¼ 1.8-20), or who were not physically active (OR ¼ 3.9, 95% CI ¼ 1.5-9.7). Conclusion: The wild-type allele of the ADRB3 missense change was associated with measures of obesity in our sample of African-American women. The association was modified by menopausal status, history of chemotherapy and modest levels of physical activity. These results will need to be confirmed in an independent sample.

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“…Thus, estrogen and testosterone play a reciprocal role in the regulation of fat deposit in the leg and abdominal regions. Body fat and muscle mass have a reciprocal relationship to each other [5] . In the segmental regions as well as the whole body, the greater the increase in muscle mass, the greater the decrease in fat mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Android women have higher bone mineral density, and greater muscle mass, as observed in men [3,4]. Body fat mass and muscle mass have a reciprocal relationship to each other [5]. However, relationships among body fat distribution, muscle mass distribution, and serum androgen levels have not been explored extensively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationships among Serum Testosterone Levels, Body Fat and Muscle Mass Distribution in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

2001

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Abstract.We investigated the relationships among serum testosterone levels, body fat and muscle mass distribution in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Subjects were 67 women with PCOS (mean age±standard deviation, 28.8±6.6 years). Baseline characteristics included age and height. Trunk-leg fat ratio and trunk-leg muscle ratio were assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.Serum testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels were measured with radioimmunoassays. Relationships among serum testosterone levels, body fat and muscle mass distribution were investigated using Pearson and partial correlation tests. Serum testosterone levels were positively correlated with trunk-leg fat ratio (r=0.398, P<0.01), but were inversely correlated with trunk-leg muscle ratio (r= -0.332, P<0.05).Trunk-leg muscle ratio was inversely correlated with trunk-leg fat ratio (r= -0.360, P<0.01).Serum testosterone levels were still correlated with trunk-leg fat ratio (r=0.500, P<0.001) and trunk-leg muscle ratio (r= -0.286, P <0.05), after adjusting for age and height. Trunk-leg fat ratio was still correlated with trunk-leg muscle ratio, after adjusting for age, height, and serum testosterone levels. Based on these results, we concluded that higher serum testosterone levels may contribute to the upper body fat distribution and peripheral muscle mass distribution.In addition, peripheral muscle mass distribution may also contribute to the upper body fat distribution.

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Relationship of menopause to skeletal and muscle mass

Cited by 218 publications

References 13 publications

Total and regional relationship between lean and fat mass with increasing adiposity—impact for the diagnosis of sarcopenic obesity

Total and regional relationship between lean and fat mass with increasing adiposity—impact for the diagnosis of sarcopenic obesity

The ADRB3 Trp64Arg variant and obesity in African-American breast cancer cases

Relationships among Serum Testosterone Levels, Body Fat and Muscle Mass Distribution in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

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