Relationship of lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations to experimental atherosclerosis in baboons.

McGill, Henry C.; McMahan, C. Alex; Kruski, Arthur W.; Mott, Glen E.

doi:10.1161/01.atv.1.1.3

Cited by 103 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…32 Therefore, within each block, the baboons were stratified on the basis of their VLDL-C + LDL-C/HDL-C ratios averaged over the 36-week preliminary challenge period. Within strata, we then assigned the animals randomly to the three treatment groups designated as control (no surgical procedure), renal artery stenosis, and bilateral perinephritis.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of two forms of hypertension on atherosclerosis in the hyperlipidemic baboon.

McGill

Carey

McMahan³

et al. 1985

Arteriosclerosis

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We examined the relationship of hypertension and plasma renin activity to atherogenesis in 48 moderately hyperlipidemic (total serum cholesterol was about 200 mg/dl) baboons (Papio sp.). We used renal artery stenosis (two-kidney, one clip model) to produce hypertension associated with elevated plasma renin activity, and used cellophane wrapping of both kidneys (bilateral perinephritis model) to produce hypertension with normal renin activity. Renal artery stenosis and bilateral perinephritis increased both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by about 30 mm Hg. Renal artery stenosis approximately doubled, but bilateral perinephritis did not change plasma renin activity.Both hypertensive groups, to about the same degree, had significantly more extensive atherosclerosis than the control group in the abdominal aorta and brachial, iliacfemoral, and carotid arteries. The effect of hypertension was greatest in the carotid arteries where the extent of atherosclerosis was nearly tripled. Hypertension did not influence lesions in the thoracic aorta.By multiple regression analysis, very low plus low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure were consistently strong predictive variables for the extent of atherosclerotic lesions. Most of the effects of renal hypertension on atherosclerotic lesions appeared to be accounted for by the increase in blood pressure. In the carotid arteries, however, there was a suggestion of an effect above that due to increased blood pressure. Additional analyses indicated that these treatment effects were associated with serum potassium concentration, plasma renin activity, or other closely related variables. (Arteriosclerosis 5:481-493, September/October 1985)

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In developing the prediction equations, we included first the VLDL-C + LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations because, in a previous experiment, 32 these had been good predictors. We next included a blood pressure variable.…”

Section: Relationship Of Variables To Atherosclerotic Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of two forms of hypertension on atherosclerosis in the hyperlipidemic baboon.

McGill

Carey

McMahan³

et al. 1985

Arteriosclerosis

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“…HDL, which is mainly synthesized in the liver and intestinal cells plays an important role in cholesterol efflux from tissues and carries it back to the liver for removal as bile acids (Shakoori et al, 1988). It has been established that the elevated serum or plasma HDLs levels have antiatherogenic effect (McGill et al, 1981), whereas the reduced levels are associated with an increased risk for coronary artery disease (Tietz, 1987). HDLs have been proposed to act in concert with LCAT to remove excess cholesterol from arterial tissue and thus prevent atherosclerosis (Glomset, 1979;Fielding and Fielding, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have partly implicated oxidative stress in the molecular mechanism of CPFinduced hepatotoxicity (Goel et al, 2005;Ambali et al, 2007;. A number of studies have shown alterations in lipid profiles following OP exposure (McGill et al, 1981;Quistad et al, 2001;Ibrahim and El-Gamal, 2003;El-Banna et al, 2009;El-Mazoudy et al, 2011). However, studies involving the mitigation of OP induced alterations of lipid profiles by readily available and cheap antioxidant molecules such as vitamin C become essential in the light of the current environmental and health challenges posed by OP insecticides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin C Alleviates Chronic Chlorpyrifos Induced Alterations in Serum Lipids and Oxidative Parameters in Male Wistar Rats

Mk¹

2011

American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

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Problem statement: Although the increase incidence of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and diabetes mellitus has been attributed to changing life style, the role of environmental contaminants is currently being given considerable attention. Pesticides, including Organophosphate (OP) insecticides are one of the most pervasive environmental contaminants that are deliberately released into the environment. Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used OP insecticide has been shown to alter lipid profiles, thereby increasing the risk of atherosclerosis. Apart from inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase, oxidative stress is one of the molecular mechanisms involved in CPF-evoked toxicity. Approach: The present study was aimed at evaluating the mitigating effect of vitamin C on chronic CPF-evoked alteration in lipid profiles in Wistar rats. Twenty young adult male Wistar rats were assigned at random to four groups of five rats each. Groups I, II and III were administered S/oil (2 mL kg −1 ), vitamin C (100 mg kg −1 ) and CPF (10.6 mg kg −1~1 /8th LD 50 ), respectively while group IV was given vitamin C (100 mg kg −1 ) followed by CPF (10.6 mg kg −1 ), 30 min later. The regimens were administered by gavage once daily for 17 weeks. The sera obtained from blood samples were evaluated for the levels of Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoproteins-Cholesterol (HDL-c), Malonaldehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. The levels of low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-c) and Very Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (VLDL-c) and atherogenic index, were subsequently calculated. Results: The increased levels of TC, LDL-c, MDA and atherogenic index and the decrease in the levels of TG, HDL-c, VLDL-c, SOD and CAT evoked by CPF were mitigated by vitamin C. Conclusion: It is concluded that vitamin C alleviated the CPF induced deleterious alterations of lipid profiles, partly due to its antioxidant property.

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“…Blood and liver biopsies were collected. Baboons were then fed a high-cholesterol, high-fat diet (challenge diet; 1.7 mg/kcal cholesterol and 40% of calories as fat from lard) (McGill et al 1981) for 7 wk, and blood and liver biopsies were again collected. HDL-C and subfractions were measured from serum.…”

Section: Selection Of Animals and Diet Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Candidate Genes Regulating HDL Cholesterol Using a Chromosomal Region Expression Array

Cox

Birnbaum

VandeBerg³

2002

Genome Res.

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To identify candidate genes encoding QTLs in baboons, we have developed a novel strategy that integrates comparative mapping, bioinformatics, and expression arrays. A genome-wide scan, performed previously on pedigreed baboons to localize QTLs for phenotypes that are known risk factors for atherosclerosis, revealed a QTL on chromosome 18q that influences high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) phenotypes. After ruling out the only two biologically relevant positional candidate genes in this chromosomal region, we combined information from baboon pedigrees and HDL-C phenotypes with a baboon microsatellite marker map, human microsatellite marker maps, and human genome maps to develop a chromosomal region expression array (CREA). The CREA was screened with heterologous liver cDNA from sib-pairs of contrasting HDL-C phenotypes on two different diets, and genes were prioritized for further study by expression profiles. Analysis of gene expression in this restricted chromosomal region, combined with HDL-C phenotypic information, yielded a list of candidate genes for the QTL regulating HDL-C in baboons. Our data demonstrate the power of this strategy for identifying candidate genes encoding QTLs for multigenic traits. This strategy is applicable to many species that serve as models for human diseases and can even be used with human subjects

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Relationship of lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations to experimental atherosclerosis in baboons.

Cited by 103 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of two forms of hypertension on atherosclerosis in the hyperlipidemic baboon.

Effects of two forms of hypertension on atherosclerosis in the hyperlipidemic baboon.

Vitamin C Alleviates Chronic Chlorpyrifos Induced Alterations in Serum Lipids and Oxidative Parameters in Male Wistar Rats

Identification of Candidate Genes Regulating HDL Cholesterol Using a Chromosomal Region Expression Array

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