Relationship of lipid parameters with bone mineral density in Indian population

Abstract

Introduction:Cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis share common risk factors including dyslipidemia. There are conflicting reports of differential relation of various lipid parameters on bone mineral density (BMD). Hence, we studied the correlation between lipid parameters and BMD in healthy adult.Materials and Methods:A total of 2347 participants (male 39.4%; female 60.6%) included in this cross-sectional study were divided according to sex and age. Fasting blood samples were drawn for biochemical parameters. BMD at lumbar spine, femur, and forearm were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).Results:In males, BMD at femur and lumbar spine decreased significantly with increasing quartiles of total cholesterol (TC) (P < 0.0001, and 0.004) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (P = 0.001, and 0.01). In premenopausal women, BMD at femoral neck (P = 0.001) and lumbar spine (P = 0.029) showed declining trend with LDL-c (P = 0.007). In postmenopausal women, only BMD at total femur decreased significantly with TC (P = 0.024) and LDL-c (P = 0.036). All above findings were confirmed in correlation studies. In multiple regression analysis after adjusting for age, body mass index, ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase, 25 hydroxy vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone levels correlation of BMD with TC and LDL-c persisted. TC, LDL-c was higher in subjects with low bone density compared those with normal bone density in both sexes.Conclusions:TC and LDL-c had weak but significant negative correlation with BMD at femur and lumbar spine.

Prevalence and Possible Risk Factors of Low Bone Mineral Density in Untreated Female Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

“…We could not find the correlation between BMI, disease activity, 25(OH)D, ESR, CRP, complement components, and low BMD at the lumbar spine and at the hip. These findings were consistent with two large-population studies in Indian and Korean population, which identified that LDL-c and TC had weak but significant negative correlation with BMD at lumbar spine and at the hip in men and pre- and postmenopausal women [ 23 , 24 ]. A lower fat intake and body fatness as well as a better profile of LDL-c predicted high BMD in healthy women [ 25 ].…”

“…In fact, studies have observed trabecular bone loss in patients with SLE that could not be explained by corticosteroids use [ 19 ]. Apart from glucocorticoids, a rapid loss of spine trabecular bone in untreated SLE patients is likely to arise from chronic inflammation and disease damage [ 20 ] and several studies have shown the high prevalence of vertebral fractures in SLE patients [ 6 , 21 – 23 ]. Cross-sectional studies have found that low BMD at the hip remained as a significant factor for the presence of vertebral fracture [ 6 , 22 ].…”

“…So it may be considered as a candidate that links both disorders. In fact, it has been shown that high serum LDL-c level may be a risk factor for low BMD [ 23 ] and for nonvertebral fragility fracture [ 30 ]. Increased level of oxidized LDL-c was demonstrated in patients with active lupus and chronic systemic inflammation including dyslipidemia may contribute to the bone loss in SLE [ 31 ].…”

Genetic Sharing with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Diabetes Reveals Novel Bone Mineral Density Loci

“…Several lines of evidence suggest an overlap between BMD/osteoporosis and several traits related to metabolism and cardiovascular disease (CVD): -presence of osteoporosis is associated with a ~4-fold increase in risk for an acute cardiovascular event [ 3 ].—BMD loss is associated with increased mortality from coronary heart disease and pulmonary diseases [ 4 ]- an inverse relationship is found between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and BMD [ 5 – 9 ]. The relationship between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and BMD appears to be less profound, but a positive association has been found in some studies [ 5 , 10 ]. While not all studies have identified a relationship between Triglycerides (TG) and BMD, a few larger studies have shown an inverse relationship [ 7 , 8 , 10 ].…”

“…The relationship between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and BMD appears to be less profound, but a positive association has been found in some studies [ 5 , 10 ]. While not all studies have identified a relationship between Triglycerides (TG) and BMD, a few larger studies have shown an inverse relationship [ 7 , 8 , 10 ]. Furthermore, statins are widely used as cholesterol-lowering drugs, and a recent meta-analysis indicates that statins may help improve and maintain BMD at the lumbar spine, hip and femoral neck, especially in Caucasians and Asians [ 11 ].…”