Relationship of Dietary Intake of Sulphur Amino-acids to Urinary Excretion of Inorganic Sulphate in Man

Sabry, Z. I.; Shadarevian, Sossy; Cowan, J. W.; Campbell, J. A.

doi:10.1038/206931b0

Cited by 83 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In line with previous studies, we observed a significant direct association between intake of SAAs and urinary sulfate excretion. 17,18 SAAs are eventually converted to sulfate and are allegedly adverse for their contribution to metabolic acid load, which has previously been shown to be associated with the extent of acidosis in RTRs. 6 In accordance, a significant association between intake of SAAs and NAE was found, the latter reflecting metabolic acid load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Because of the protective effects of H 2 S, it can be hypothesized that increasing intake of sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) contributes to the synthesis of H 2 S and beneficially influences the cardiovascular profile and, consequently, patient survival. On the other hand, the major end product of SAAs is sulfate (SO 4 22 ), 17,18 which is allegedly adverse for its contribution to metabolic acid load and systemic acidosis, particularly in patients with impaired renal function. 6 Therefore, the roles of sulfur metabolism in cardiovascular and metabolic health in RTRs and whether sulfuric compounds should be considered beneficial or harmful are unclear.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Urinary Sulfur Metabolites Associate with a Favorable Cardiovascular Risk Profile and Survival Benefit in Renal Transplant Recipients

Berg

Pasch

Westendorp³

et al. 2014

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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In post-transplant conditions, sulfur may be protective by intermediate conversion to hydrogen sulfide and thiosulfate. However, sulfate, the end product of sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs), contributes to metabolic acid load and may adversely influence acid-base homeostasis. We investigated the association of urinary sulfur metabolites with cardiometabolic parameters in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and analyzed their predictive capacity for mortality. We studied urinary sulfate and thiosulfate excretion in 24-hour urine samples from 707 RTRs at a median 5.4 years (interquartile range, 1.9 to 12.2) after transplantation as well as from 110 controls. Diet was assessed for SAA content and various risk factors were measured. Urinary sulfate was similar, whereas thiosulfate was higher in RTRs versus controls. SAA intake was lower in RTRs compared with controls and correlated with sulfate but not thiosulfate excretion. Sulfate beneficially associated with eGFR, net acid excretion, systolic BP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide, and proteinuria (all P#0.01). Thiosulfate beneficially associated with eGFR, serum acidity, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (all P#0.001). During a median 27 months (interquartile range, 22-36) of follow-up, 47 RTRs died. After adjustment for age, sex, and eGFR, hazard ratios for mortality were 0.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 0.92; P,0.001) for urinary sulfate and 0.60 (95% confidence interval, 0.41 to 0.59; P=0.01) for thiosulfate. Thus, despite the association of urinary sulfate with metabolic acid load, urinary sulfate and thiosulfate beneficially associated with survival in RTRs, possibly by influencing cardiovascular parameters. Intervention studies with exogenous sulfur are warranted to elucidate mechanisms underlying these promising associations in RTRs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Sulfur Metabolites Associate with a Favorable Cardiovascular Risk Profile and Survival Benefit in Renal Transplant Recipients

Berg

Pasch

Westendorp³

et al. 2014

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…This large tetrahedral divalent anion can be obtained from the diet (83) or oxidation of the sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and methionine (77). Sulfoconjugation reactions are the initial detoxification process for many endogenous (e.g., steroid hormones) and xenobiotic compounds and are required for the activation of numerous biological molecules (e.g., heparin, cholecystokinin, and gastrin) (59).…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of tubular secretion and carbonic anhydrase in vertebrate renal sulfate excretion

Pelis¹,

Renfro²

2004

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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/HCO 3 Ϫ exchange at the brushborder membrane, tubular carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, CAII protein, and a proportion of tubular SO 4 2Ϫ secretion that is CA dependent. CA activity is required for about one-half of this net SO 4 2Ϫ secretion but is also required for about one-half of the net reabsorption in bird proximal epithelium. A CA-SO 4 2Ϫ /anion exchanger metabolon arrangement is proposed that may speed both the secretory and reabsorptive processes. renal proximal tubule; transport metabolon INORGANIC SO 4 2Ϫ IS THE SECOND most abundant anion in the sea and one of the most abundant anions in vertebrate plasma, with concentrations varying among species from 0.3 to 1.8 mM. This large tetrahedral divalent anion can be obtained from the diet (83) or oxidation of the sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and methionine (77). Sulfoconjugation reactions are the initial detoxification process for many endogenous (e.g., steroid hormones) and xenobiotic compounds and are required for the activation of numerous biological molecules (e.g., heparin, cholecystokinin, and gastrin) (59). SO 4 2Ϫ is a major component of glycosaminoglycans (dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, and heparan sulfate), which are structural components of numerous tissues, including cartilage, bone, myelin, and basal lamina (40 ]) in the renal tubule lumen reduces Ca 2ϩ and Mg 2ϩ reabsorption (66). RENAL SULFATE CLEARANCEThe kidneys are the major avenue for SO 4 2Ϫ excretion in vertebrates. Nearly all of plasma SO 4 2Ϫ is ultrafilterable in mammals (4), whereas 80% and 47% of plasma SO 4 2Ϫ are ultrafilterable in birds (71) and fish (75), respectively. Variation in the estimates of the ultrafilterable fraction of plasma SO 4 2Ϫ in vertebrates may arise from species differences or variations in method of determination. Urine content is determined by glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. This review will focus on the latter and will provide only a brief overview of tubular reabsorption because it has been described in detail elsewhere (2,51,52,57).Reabsorption of filtered SO 4 2Ϫ occurs primarily in the proximal tubule (35) secretion does not occur in these animals. SO 4 2Ϫ loading apparently has no effect on the saturable reabsorptive transport maximum for SO 4 2Ϫ (Tm SO 4 2Ϫ ) in the renal tubule of the human, dog, and frog (3,28,48). In contrast, Tm SO 4 2Ϫ in rats is reduced ϳ50% after plasma SO 4 2Ϫ loading, indicating that adaptive mechanisms are in place to depress reabsorption, thus increasing excretion (27). Similarly, in domestic fowl, Tm SO 4 2Ϫ decreases with plasma SO 4 2Ϫ loading, leading to the conclusion that a fraction of the excreted SO 4 2Ϫ is the result of tubular secretion (30). Thiosulfate, an inhibitor of SO 4 2Ϫ transporters,

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“…Generally, in all mammalian species, sulphate can be directly obtained from nutrition (Ittyerah 1969, Smith andMitchell 1974) or formed by the oxidation of the amino acids containing sulphur, cysteine and methionine, in the diet (Krijgsheld et al 1981, Sabry et al 1965). All cells require inorganic sulphate for physiological function and it is involved in several activation and detoxification processes of many endogenous (including glycosaminoglycans, cerebrosides, steroids, catecholamines) and exogenous (acetaminophen, isoproterenol, ibuprofen, salicylate, a-methyldopa) compounds (Mulder 1981, Mulder andJakoby 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…308 Smith und Mitchell 1974), oder durch Oxidation der in der Nahrung enthaltenen schwefelhaltigen Aminosäuren Cystein und Methionin hergestellt werden (Krijgsheld et al 1981, Sabry et al 1965. Anorganisches Sulfat wird für physiologische Stoffwechselvorgänge von allen Zellen benötigt und ist an vielen Aktivierungs-und Entgiftungsprozessen zahlreicher endogener (einschließlich Glycosaminoglykane, Zerebroside, Steroide, Katecholamine) und exogener Verbindungen (Acetaminophen, Isoproterenol, Ibuprofen, Salizylat, -Methyldopa) beteiligt (Mulder 1981, Mulder und Jakoby 1990.…”

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Blood sulphate concentration in healthy horses after oral application of laxatives containing sulphur

Snyder¹,

Breuer²,

Koeller³

et al. 2014

PHK

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Summary: Saline laxatives are commonly used to treat colic horses with impaction of the cecum or large colon. The objective of this study was to investigate blood sulphate concentrations in healthy horses before and after orally administered sodium or magnesium sulphate. Six healthy adult fasted horses were used in a randomized study design with four treatment regimes: Trial 1: 1.8 % sodium sulphate (20 ml/kg BW); Trial 2: 4.2 % magnesium sulphate (20 ml/kg BW); Trial 3: 25 % sodium sulphate (4 ml/kg BW); Trial 4: 25 % magnesium sulphate (4 ml/kg BW). Water was used as a control (Trial 5: 20 ml water/kg BW). Blood samples were taken at defined time points. The minimal and maximal value of serum sulphate concentration in healthy fasted horses was 0.29 and 0.42 mmol/l. Sulphate concentrations increased moderately, statistically significant (P < 0.05) in Trial 1 (0.66 ± 0.12 mmol/l after 90 min) and Trial 2 (0.57± 0.11 mmol/l after 150 min), and severely (P ≤ 0.001) in Trial 3 (1.37± 0.26 mmol/l after 240 min) and Trial 4 (1.01± 0.22 mmol/l after 240 min) compared to pretest values (Trial 1: 0.29± 0.15 mmol/l; Trial 2: 0.32± 0.06 mmol/l; Trial 3: 0.39± 0.06 mmol/l; Trial 4: 0.39± 0.02 mmol/l). There was no increase in the sulphate concentrations in the control group (Trial 5: 0.42± 0.04mmol/l). We conclude that a single dose of orally administered isotonic sodium or magnesium sulphate increases serum sulphate concentrations moderately, whereas hypertonic sodium or magnesium sulphate increases serum sulphate concentrations greatly in normal horses without clinical signs of adverse reactions.

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Relationship of Dietary Intake of Sulphur Amino-acids to Urinary Excretion of Inorganic Sulphate in Man

Cited by 83 publications

References 7 publications

Urinary Sulfur Metabolites Associate with a Favorable Cardiovascular Risk Profile and Survival Benefit in Renal Transplant Recipients

Urinary Sulfur Metabolites Associate with a Favorable Cardiovascular Risk Profile and Survival Benefit in Renal Transplant Recipients

Role of tubular secretion and carbonic anhydrase in vertebrate renal sulfate excretion

Blood sulphate concentration in healthy horses after oral application of laxatives containing sulphur

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