Relationship of Consistency in Timing of Exercise Performance and Exercise Levels Among Successful Weight Loss Maintainers

Schumacher, Leah M.; Thomas, J. Graham; Raynor, Hollie A.; Rhodes, Ryan E.; O’Leary, Kevin C.; Wing, Rena R.; Bond, Dale S.

doi:10.1002/oby.22535

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…2). In a separate study, Schumacher et al [46] also found that weight loss maintainers self-reported engaging in high amounts of MVPA. In that study, participants who were classified as temporally consistent exercisers (i. e., regularly exercised at the same time of day) engaged in more MVPA (350 min/wk) compared to temporally inconsistent exercisers (285 min/wk).…”

Section: Effect Of Exercise Timing On Body Weight and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…There is accumulating evidence from observational and clinical studies that the timing of exercise and PA affects body weight regulation [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. Some evidence suggests that morning exercise and PA is associated with more favorable changes in weight and body composition [42,45] and increased ability to prevent weight regain [46,47,49]. However, some data suggest that evening exercise may be more beneficial for reducing fat [44,48] (▶table 1).…”

Section: Effect Of Exercise Timing On Body Weight and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to a paucity of direct head-to-head comparisons of different exercise times of day, it remains difficult to discern whether there is an optimal time of day for exercise to maximize weight loss benefits. The evidence to date, summarized below, is from observational studies, small randomized trials, and retrospective analyses [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Results from observational studies suggest that there may be an effect of time of day of PA on body weight and BMI.…”

Section: Effect Of Exercise Timing On Body Weight and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the Role of Exercise Timing in Weight Management: A Review

et al. 2021

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Many adults cite exercise as a primary strategy for losing weight, yet exercise alone is modestly effective for weight loss and results in variable weight loss responses. It is possible that some of the variability in weight loss may be explained by the time of day that exercise is performed. Few studies have directly compared the effects of exercise performed at different times of the day (i. e., morning versus evening exercise). Results from these existing studies are mixed with some studies demonstrating superior weight and fat mass loss from morning exercise, while other studies have found that evening exercise may be better for weight management. Exercise timing may alter modifiable lifestyle behaviors involved in weight management, such as non-exercise physical activity, energy intake, and sleep. The purpose of this review is to summarize evidence for and against time-of-day dependent effects of exercise on weight management. Although limited, we also review studies that have examined the effect of exercise timing on other lifestyle behaviors linked to body weight regulation. While exercise at any time of day is beneficial for health, understanding whether there is an optimal time of day to exercise may advance personalized treatment paradigms for weight management.

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Section: Effect Of Exercise Timing On Body Weight and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Effect Of Exercise Timing On Body Weight and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Exercise Timing On Body Weight and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the Role of Exercise Timing in Weight Management: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…Both attenuated weight loss and weight loss variability have been attributed to compensatory mechanisms such as reductions in other components of EE and/or increases in energy intake (EI) [1,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The timing (i.e., time of day) of exercise Nutrients 2022, 14, 816 2 of 13 may affect these compensatory responses and the weight loss response [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. In addition, exercise timing may influence factors related to overall adherence and engagement in exercise, thereby influencing body weight [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Morning and Evening Exercise on Energy Balance: A Pilot Study

et al. 2022

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of randomizing adults with overweight and obesity (BMI 25–40 kg/m2) to morning (06:00–10:00) or evening (15:00–19:00) aerobic exercise. Participants completed four exercise sessions per week in the morning (AM, n = 18) or evening (PM, n = 15). The exercise program was 15 weeks and progressed from 70 to 80% heart rate maximum and 750–2000 kcal/week. Bodyweight, body composition, total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), energy intake (EI), sleep, sedentary behavior (SB), non-exercise physical activity (NEPA), and maximal aerobic capacity were assessed at baseline and week 15. Study retention was 94% and adherence to the supervised exercise program was ≥90% in both groups. Weight change was −0.9 ± 2.8 kg and −1.4 ± 2.3 kg in AM and PM, respectively. AM and PM increased TDEE (AM: 222 ± 399 kcal/day, PM: 90 ± 150 kcal/day). EI increased in AM (99 ± 198 kcal/day) and decreased in PM (−21 ± 156 kcal/day) across the intervention. It is feasible to randomize adults with overweight and obesity to morning or evening aerobic exercise with high levels of adherence. Future trials are needed to understand how the timing of exercise affects energy balance and body weight regulation.

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“…There is evidence to suggest exercising at the same time each day (i.e., "time-structured") versus different times of the day (i.e., "sporadic") is important for long-term exercise adherence [10,11]. Therefore, investigating the efficacy of exercising at different times of day is essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%