“…Depending on the number of maltreatment experiences encountered, the odds ratio (OR) was reported to be increased by up to 1.6 for severe obesity, 2.2 for ischaemic heart disease, 1.9 for the occurrence of any kind of cancer, 2.4 for stroke, 3.9 for chronic bronchitis or emphysema and 1.6 for diabetes (Felitti et al, 1998). Other extended cross-sectional studies followed, confirming associations of child maltreatment with an enhanced risk for obesity, hypertension, diabetes, emphysema and cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and myocardial infarction (Afifi, Mota, MacMillan, & Sareen, 2013; Draper et al, 2008; L. K. Gilbert et al, 2015).…”