Relationship of cash transfers with risk of overweight and obesity in children and adults: a systematic review

Semba, Richard D.; Manley, James; Rosman, Lori; Rahman, Nihaal; Bloem, Martin W.

doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13533-x

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…This study has limitations. First, both the Framingham and Wand et al models contain potential mediators of the effect of pension eligibility on hypertension, such as BMI ( 34 , 54 ) . When we conducted a sensitivity analysis using a prediction model that included only sociodemographic factors without potential mediators, we observed results of a weaker magnitude.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Older Person’s Grant Expansion on Hypertension Among Older Men in Rural South Africa: Findings From the HAALSI Cohort

Chang,

Jock,

Rosenberg

et al. 2024

Innovation in Aging

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Background and Objectives Hypertension is a major modifiable contributor to disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa. We exploited an expansion to age eligibility for men in South Africa’s non-contributory public pension to assess the impact of pension eligibility on hypertension in a rural, low-income South African setting. Research Design and Methods Data were from 1,247 men aged ≥60 in the population-representative Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (HAALSI) in 2014/15. We identified cohorts of men from zero (controls, aged ≥65 at pension expansion) through five years of additional pension eligibility based on their birth year. Using the modified Framingham Heart Study hypertension risk prediction model, and the Wand et al. model modified for the South African population, we estimated the difference in the probabilities of hypertension for men who benefitted from the pension expansion relative to the control. We conducted a negative control analysis among older women, who were not eligible for pension expansion, to assess the robustness of our findings. Results Older men with five additional years of pension eligibility had a 6.9 to 8.1 percentage point greater probability of hypertension than expected without the pension expansion eligibility. After accounting for birth cohort effects through a negative control analysis involving older women reduced estimates to a 3.0 to a 5.2 percentage point greater probability of hypertension than expected. We observed a mean 0.2 percentage point increase in the probability of hypertension per additional year of pension eligibility, but this trend was not statistically significant. Discussion and Implications While the Older Person’s Grant is important for improving the financial circumstances of older adults and their families in South Africa, expanded pension eligibility may have a small, negative short-term effect on hypertension among older men in this rural, South African setting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Older Person’s Grant Expansion on Hypertension Among Older Men in Rural South Africa: Findings From the HAALSI Cohort

Chang,

Jock,

Rosenberg

et al. 2024

Innovation in Aging

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show abstract

“…Furthermore, recent studies conducted in Colombia, Mexico, and Peru reported the potential dual effects of CCT programs, indicating a potential decrease in stunting rates but an increase in the risk of overweight/obesity among children in the program [ 16 , 43 , 44 ]. However, findings from a systematic review reported to have insufficient evidence on the impact of CCT on overweight or obesity in children to make a firm conclusion due to very limited studies on this topic [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed-method study on the association between inclusion to conditional cash transfer program and the multiple faces of malnutrition in children and adolescents aged 3 to 19 years: a school-based evidence from Caraga Region, the Philippines

Herrera,

Amora

et al. 2023

BMC Pediatr

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Background This study aimed to investigate the association between inclusion to Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), a CCT program in the Philippines, and malnutrition in children and adolescents and examine the perceptions and experiences of parents and other stakeholders on how 4Ps influenced child nutrition. Methods A concurrent mixed-method study was conducted in the Caraga Region, Philippines. Quantitative data from 5541 children and adolescents aged 3 to 19 were analyzed using multilevel mixed-effect logistic models. To allow in-depth understanding of the programmatic components that support the findings from the quantitative study, eight focused group discussions (FGDs) were concurrently conducted, cumulating 33 participants, including 4Ps parents, school coordinators/teachers, and school nurses. A constructivist grounded theory approach was used for analysis, and joint displays were employed to integrate quantitative and qualitative results. Results Quantitative findings revealed high rates of malnutrition, with significant rates of stunting (12.0%), wasting/thinness (9.4%), and overweight/obesity (16.4%) among children and adolescents. 4Ps beneficiaries had higher odds of stunting and overweight/obesity compared to non-4Ps beneficiaries (AOR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.08–1.91; AOR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.01–1.45, respectively). However, no significant association was observed between inclusion to 4Ps and concurrent stunting and wasting/thinness or overweight/obesity (AOR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.72–1.55). Geographic variations were observed, with 4Ps children in Agusan del Sur having lower odds of stunting than those in Agusan del Norte (AOR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.23–0.71). Age and gender also showed significant associations with malnutrition. The qualitative analysis provided insights into the challenges contributing to malnutrition, including child labor, sickness, long distances to school, limited access to healthy food, and larger families. Unintended consequences such as cash card mismanagement, inappropriate cash grant allocation, and falsification of school attendance were identified. However, teachers and parents demonstrated resilience by implementing adaptive approaches to enhance child nutrition. Conclusions While 4Ps beneficiaries exhibit higher odds of stunting and overweight/obesity, the program’s association with malnutrition was significantly influenced by geographic variations. It is crucial for social protection programs to prioritize comprehensive support strategies that effectively counter unintended consequences and challenges faced by beneficiaries and other stakeholders and address malnutrition in children and adolescents.

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Relationship of cash transfers with risk of overweight and obesity in children and adults: a systematic review

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

The Impact of the Older Person’s Grant Expansion on Hypertension Among Older Men in Rural South Africa: Findings From the HAALSI Cohort

The Impact of the Older Person’s Grant Expansion on Hypertension Among Older Men in Rural South Africa: Findings From the HAALSI Cohort

Mixed-method study on the association between inclusion to conditional cash transfer program and the multiple faces of malnutrition in children and adolescents aged 3 to 19 years: a school-based evidence from Caraga Region, the Philippines

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