Relationship of Candida albicans in the genital and anorectal tracts.

Rohatiner, J. J.

doi:10.1136/sti.42.3.197

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In all cases, the strains shared the same genotype, confirming that the anorectal region might represent a reservoir of C. albicans infecting strains, in accordance with previous observations (16,31,33).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Highly Polymorphic Microsatellite for Identification of Candida albicans Strains

Sampaio

Gusmão²,

Alves³

et al. 2003

J Clin Microbiol

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The polymorphism of a new microsatellite locus (CAI) was investigated in a total of 114 Candida albicans strains, including 73 independent clinical isolates, multiple isolates from the same patient, isolates from several episodes of recurrent vulvovaginal infections, and two reference strains. PCR genotyping was performed automatically, using a fluorescence-labeled primer, and in the 73 independent isolates, 26 alleles and 44 different genotypes were identified, resulting in a discriminatory power of 0.97. CAI was revealed to be species specific and showed a low mutation rate, since no amplification product was obtained when testing other pathogenic Candida species and no genotype differences were observed when testing over 300 generations. When applying this microsatellite to the identification of strains isolated from recurrent vulvovaginal infections in eight patients, it was found that 13 out of 15 episodes were due to the same strain. When multiple isolates, obtained from the same patient and plated simultaneously, were typed for CAI, the same genotype was found in each case, confirming that the infecting population was clonal. Moreover, the same genotype appeared in isolates from the rectum and the vagina, revealing that the former could be a reservoir of potentially pathogenic strains. This new microsatellite proves to be a valuable tool to differentiate C. albicans strains. Furthermore, when compared to other molecular genotyping techniques, CAI proved to be very simple, highly efficient, and reproducible, being suitable for low-quantity and very-degraded samples and for application in large-scale epidemiological studies.It is known that opportunistic yeast pathogens are common residents of the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, and oral cavity in warm-blooded animals. Although several yeast species can be associated with infection, the predominant causal agent of candidiasis is Candida albicans. This yeast causes several infections in humans, including a wide variety of life-threatening conditions triggered by bloodstream infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. Since pathogenicity and antifungal susceptibility often vary among strains, a rapid and accurate identification of the disease-causing strains of C. albicans is crucial for clinical treatment and epidemiological studies.Advances in molecular biology in the last 2 decades have allowed the development of rapid molecular genotyping techniques for clinical and epidemiological analysis. Several molecular typing methods have been developed to differentiate C. albicans strains, including electrophoretic karyotyping (2), the use of species-specific probes such as Ca3 or 27A in restriction enzyme analysis (20,23,27,29,32,33,35), and PCR-based methods (1,10,21,24,28,37). More recently, short tandem repeats (STRs) or microsatellites have assumed increasing importance as molecular markers in fields so diverse as oncogenetics, population genetics, and strain identification and characterization. They occur in se...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Highly Polymorphic Microsatellite for Identification of Candida albicans Strains

Sampaio

Gusmão²,

Alves³

et al. 2003

J Clin Microbiol

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“…A high proportion of the men carried yeasts on the penis confirming earlier results (Davidson, 1977). Rohatiner (1966) found a similar association with non-specific urethritis and he commented on the possibility of a relationship between Candida and other organisms found in the male or female genital tract. Loh and Baker (1955) while investigating the effect of tetracycline on yeasts in the gut noticed there was a longer and more persistent overgrowth with Proteus species.…”

Section: Yeast Identificationsupporting

confidence: 71%

Recurrent genital candidosis in women and the effect of intermittent prophylactic treatment

Davidson

Mould

1978

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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“…Gonorrhoea infects men more often than women but genital yeasts infect women more often than men. The latter findings may be related to autoinfection or reinfection from the bowel (Rohatiner, 1966).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

How often are gonorrhoea and genital yeast infection sexually transmitted?

Thin¹,

Rendell²,

Wadsworth³

1979

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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SUMMARY Although gonorrhoea is often regarded as the sexually transmitted disease against which others are measured, its infectivity is not clearly understood. Estimates of the infection rate have varied from 5-90%. In this study, 50 couples with gonorrhoea were matched with 50 couples with genital yeast infection. Gonorrhoea was diagnosed in both partners of 32 couples and genital yeast infection in both partners of 21 couples. These figures provide an indication of the sexual transmission of these conditions. The higher figure for gonorrhoea may be related to a greater urgency in tracing contacts.

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Relationship of Candida albicans in the genital and anorectal tracts.

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Highly Polymorphic Microsatellite for Identification of Candida albicans Strains

Highly Polymorphic Microsatellite for Identification of Candida albicans Strains

Recurrent genital candidosis in women and the effect of intermittent prophylactic treatment

How often are gonorrhoea and genital yeast infection sexually transmitted?

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