Relationship of body fat topography to insulin sensitivity and metabolic profiles in premenopausal women

Evans, David J.; Hoffmann, Raymond G.; Kalkhoff, Ronald K.; Kissebah, Ahmed H.

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(84)90164-1

Cited by 364 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Similar results have been observed in animal studies (20), where spontaneously hypertensive rats have been found more insulin resistant than normotensive ones, which supports the hypothesis that increased insulin resistance leading to systematic insulinemia may be involved in the etiology of arterial hypertension. Fasting s-insulin concentration is also known to be related to BMI and WHR (21). There are several possible mechanisms by which insulin could increase blood pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obesity, particularly with a central fat distribution, is associated with high blood pressure (19) and high fasting s-insulin concentration (21,26), a constellation that has been given the name of "metabolic syndrome" or "syndrome X". We found in this population sample of women that the association between fasting s-insulin concentration and blood pressure was confined to obese individuals, an observation which was made when the study population was stratified by BMI and WHR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Interrelationships between Fasting Serum Insulin Level, Obesity and Blood Pressure in Women: Results from a Cross-Sectional Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Kristjansson¹,

Lissner

Bengtsson³

et al. 1993

Hypertens Res

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This study is based on a representative population sample of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Three hundred and thirty-six 50-year-old nondiabetic women, not taking any antihypertensive medication, were included in the study. They underwent a comprehensive examination programme, where body weight, body height, waist and hip circumferences, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and fasting serum insulin concentration were measured. Fasting serum insulin concentration was significantly correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures. After controlling for both body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip circumference ratio (WHR), fasting serum insulin concentration remained independently associated with blood pressure (P = 0.001 for systolic blood pressure, P = 0.06 for diastolic blood pressure). When stratified for BMI or WHR the correlations between fasting serum insulin concentration and blood pressure remained significant only in the upper 50th precentiles of BMI and WHR. When relating pressure to different levels of fasting serum insulin concentration there seems to be a threshold at an insulin concentration corresponding to the upper quartile limit (at approximately 17 uU/ml), above which level the blood pressure rises more obviously. The same phenomenon was seen for systolic and diastolic blood pressures. (Hypertens Res 1993; 16: 197-201)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interrelationships between Fasting Serum Insulin Level, Obesity and Blood Pressure in Women: Results from a Cross-Sectional Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Kristjansson¹,

Lissner

Bengtsson³

et al. 1993

Hypertens Res

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“…Previous studies have also suggested that the greater peripheral hyperinsulinemia present in obesity could contribute to insulin resistance with respect to proteolysis as well as glucose disposal. 41,42 Although insulin sensitivity was not directly measured in the current study, significant decreases in fasting insulin levels in response to the intervention, with the maintenance of normal glucose concentration, suggest an attenuation of insulin resistance. In response to the intervention program, the insulin sensitivity appears to be favorably modified in the obese intervention group with no change in the obese control group (Figure 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Effect of lifestyle changes on whole-body protein turnover in obese adolescents

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of lifestyle changes on whole-body protein turnover (WBPT) in obese adolescents. DESIGN/METHODS: Randomized and controlled nonpharmacological intervention study of WBPT in obese adolescents using stable isotope dilution techniques. SUBJECTS AND MEASUREMENTS:We studied a total of 21 adolescents (11 boys and 10 girls, matched for their pubertal status) of which 15 were obese (age ¼ 15.870.4 y old and BMI ¼ 38.673.3 kg/m 2 ) and six were lean controls (age ¼ 16.070.4 y old and BMI ¼ 21.371.2 kg/m 2 ). The obese subjects were subjected to a randomized controlled lifestyle intervention program that involved moderate physical activity and diet changes for 3 months. A group of lean age-matched subjects was also studied at baseline to compare the WBPT in obese and lean adolescents. The studies were performed during a primed, continuous infusion of L-[1-13 C]leucine. Leucine appearance rate (Leu Ra) was used as an index of whole protein breakdown and the nonoxidative portion of leucine disposal (NOLD) as an index of whole-body protein synthesis. RESULTS: The obese groups showed significantly higher body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), percent body fat (%BF), fat-free mass (FFM), resting energy expenditure (REE) and WBPT compared to the lean controls. The intervention program resulted in a redistribution of the parameters of body composition without apparent changes in BMI or body weight. There was a significant decrease in WBPT in the obese intervention group, but not in the obese control group. Insulin levels also decreased significantly in the obese group after intervention but not in the obese control group, whereas the glucose concentrations remained normal in all groups at baseline and also after intervention/or control. CONCLUSIONS: Results from the current study suggest: (i) abonormalities of protein metabolism occur early in the clinical course of obesity and (ii) these abnormalities are modifiable by moderate lifestyle changes in obese adolescents. The mechanism for these changes in WBPT in obese adolescents as well as their impact on specific cardiovascular risk factors and turnover of specific proteins will require further investigation.

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“…Similarly, among obese premenopausal women, the concentration of plasma TGs increased signi®cantly as the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) increased. 13 There is also considerable evidence which suggests that physique is related to blood lipid concentrations. Gertler et al 30 found that endomorphic men had higher cholesterol and phosopholipid concentrations than ectomorphic men, while mesomorphic CHD patients had poorer blood lipid and cholesterol concentrations than less mesomorphic patients.…”

Section: Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physique, subcutaneous fat, adipose tissue distribution, and risk factors in the Québec Family Study

et al. 1999

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships among subcutaneous fatness, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) distribution, somatotype and risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). SUBJECTS: The sample included 1410 (715 male and 695 female) youths and adults from the Que Â bec Family Study. MEASUREMENTS: Six skinfolds and the dimensions necessary for the derivation of the Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype (endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy) were measured. The six skinfolds were summed to provide an index of subcutaneous adiposity (SUM). In addition, the trunk-to-extremity skinfold ratio, adjusted for SUM using regression procedures (TER), and the ®rst principal component (PC1) of skinfold residuals (also adjusted for SUM) were used to indicate SAT distribution, independent of the overall level of fatness. Risk factors for CHD included systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and fasting glycaemia, triglycerides (TGs), plasma cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein (HDL-C and LDL-C) cholesterol, and the HDL-Catotal cholesterol (CHOL) ratio. RESULTS: In general, SUM was positively correlated with endomorphy and mesomorphy, and negatively correlated with ectomorphy. On the other hand, SAT distribution was not associated with somatotype, except in females where TER and PC1 were negatively correlated with mesomorphy. Results of forward stepwise regression analyses to predict CHD risk factors, indicated that a signi®cant proportion of the variance in the risk factors could be accounted for by SUM, SAT distribution and somatotype (up to 16%). SUM is the best predictor, entering the regressions ®rst (most important) in six of 15 signi®cant regressions in males and 14 of 16 signi®cant regressions in females. Somatotype components enter as predictors 10 times in males, and six times in females. Similarly, TER and PC1 enter as predictors nine times in males and ®ve times in females. CONCLUSIONS: Somatotype is related to SUM, while somatotype and SAT distribution are largely independent of one another. Furthermore, SUM, somatotype and SAT distribution are signi®cant predictors of biological risk factors for CHD.

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Relationship of body fat topography to insulin sensitivity and metabolic profiles in premenopausal women

Cited by 364 publications

References 34 publications

The Interrelationships between Fasting Serum Insulin Level, Obesity and Blood Pressure in Women: Results from a Cross-Sectional Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden.

The Interrelationships between Fasting Serum Insulin Level, Obesity and Blood Pressure in Women: Results from a Cross-Sectional Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Effect of lifestyle changes on whole-body protein turnover in obese adolescents

Physique, subcutaneous fat, adipose tissue distribution, and risk factors in the Québec Family Study

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