Relationship of body fat and body mass index in young Pacific Islanders: a cross‐sectional study in European, Melanesian and Polynesian groups

Frayon, Stéphane; Cherrier, Sophie; Cavaloc, Yvon; Wattelez, Guillaume; Lerrant, Yannick; Galy, Olivier

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12229

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Previous studies use BFP as gold standard to estimate accuracy of obesity variables to measure obesity status [36][37][38]. So, in this study, BFP was set as referenced standard of defining obesity to evaluate the accuracy of BMI and WHR indexes to distinguish obesity status in Chinese military personnel and healthy controls.…”

Section: Measurement Of Physical Parameter Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio misclassification of overweight and obesity in Chinese military personnel

Zhu

Huang

et al. 2020

J Physiol Anthropol

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Background: The rising prevalence of obesity in military personnel has raised great concerns. Previous studies suggest that body mass index (BMI)-and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)-based obesity classifications in US military personnel and firefighters have high false negative and subsequently cause obesity misclassification. Objective: To determine whether BMI and WHR could reflect the fat mass of Chinese military personnel. Methods: Three hundred fifty-three male Chinese military personnel and 380 age-matched male adults were recruited. Obesity classification was defined by BMI, WHR, and body fat percentage (BFP). Results: Chinese military personnel had extremely low obesity rate determined by either BFP (0.3%) or BMI (0.6%). By combining overweight and obese individuals, BMI-and WHR-determined prevalence of overweight/obesity was 22.4% and 17.0% compared to BFP-based standard (4.0%) (P < 0.05). In reference to BFP, BMI and WHR have high false-positive rate compared to the control group. Further analysis showed that Chinese military personnel consisted of high percentage of BFP low BMI high and/or BFP low WHR high subpopulations. Eighty-one percent of BMI high and 78.3% of WHR high of them were BFP low. Conclusions: Chinese military personnel has extremely low obesity rate. BMI and WHR have high false-positive rates in reference to BFP, which cannot accurately reflect the mass of adipose tissue and leads to obesity misclassification.

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Section: Measurement Of Physical Parameter Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio misclassification of overweight and obesity in Chinese military personnel

Zhu

Huang

et al. 2020

J Physiol Anthropol

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“…These combined lifestyle variables are the root cause (but not unique) of noncommunicable diseases, and the young Pacific population is extremely exposed. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is very high in New Caledonian adolescents (from 36% to 43%, depending on age and the reference used to assess overweight) [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], and this is particularly the case for Melanesians. Indeed, a recent study showed that the prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher in 11 to 16-year-old Melanesian and Polynesian adolescents than in Caucasian adolescents, respectively, 38.2%, 30.4% and 21.3% [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living in Rural and Urban Areas of New Caledonia: Impact on Food Consumption, Sleep Duration and Anthropometric Parameters Among Melanesian Adolescents

et al. 2020

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Background: Food consumption, sleep duration and overweight were assessed in rural and urban Melanesian adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 312 rural and 104 urban adolescents (11–16 years old) was conducted. Food intakes were assessed by a 26-item food frequency questionnaire and then categorised into the number of serves from each of the three recommended Pacific food groups (energy foods, protective foods, bodybuilding foods), with two additional categories for foods and drinks to be avoided i.e., processed foods and sugary drinks. Number of food serves were compared with the guidelines of 50% serves from energy foods, 35% serves from protective foods and 15% serves from bodybuilding foods. Sleep duration as hours per day was self-reported and body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured weight and height. Results: Approximately 17.9% of rural and 26.9% of urban adolescents met the guidelines for energy foods; 61.5% rural and 69.2% urban met the serves for protective foods and 88.5% and 94.2% met the serves for bodybuilding foods. Less than 6.4% rural and 1.9% urban adolescents avoided processed foods but 61.5% rural and 56.7% urban avoided sugary beverages. Sleep duration for school days was below the international recommendations and did not significantly differ between rural and urban groups: respectively, 8.16 ± 1.10 and 8.31 ± 1.29 h. Overweight/obesity percentage was 38.1% for rural and 31.7% for urban adolescents. Conclusions: Although traditional foods, including protective food, are still part of the adolescents’ diet, low consumption of the energy food group and high consumption of processed food occurs regardless of location. As poor eating habits and insufficient sleep may contribute to overweight/obesity, educational nutrition programs should target these lifestyle variables.

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“…Kessaram et al [10] reported the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents, likely explained by environmental mutations and shifts in nutrition and PA [12]. Traditional diets of root crops, vegetables, fruits and fresh fish and meat have been steadily replaced by imported, processed, energy-dense, low-nutrient foods [13], including SSBs. In six PICTs, 42% of 13- to 15-year-old students declared drinking SSBs daily [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas an “equitable school system” exists—i.e., offering every adolescent the same access to school and a standardized academic curriculum, as well as a health education program [17]—the differences between the ethnic communities may lead to dramatic consequences for health in future generations [18]. Although few studies have focused on 11- to 16-year-old adolescents in New Caledonia [13,19,20], the prevalence of overweight or obesity was found to be three times greater in New Caledonian adolescents than in French adolescents in the same age range [21]. In addition, Frayon et al [13] showed that in this multi-ethnic society, the risk of being overweight/obese was significantly greater in Polynesian and Melanesian adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although few studies have focused on 11- to 16-year-old adolescents in New Caledonia [13,19,20], the prevalence of overweight or obesity was found to be three times greater in New Caledonian adolescents than in French adolescents in the same age range [21]. In addition, Frayon et al [13] showed that in this multi-ethnic society, the risk of being overweight/obese was significantly greater in Polynesian and Melanesian adolescents. Adolescent overweight was also associated with rural lifestyles and low socioeconomic status (SES) for girls and breakfast skipping for boys [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Associated Factors in School-Going Adolescents of New Caledonia

et al. 2019

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This cross-sectional study assessed sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and its associations with the sociodemographic and physical characteristics, behavior and knowledge of New Caledonian adolescents. The survey data of 447 adolescents from ages 11 to 16 years were collected in five secondary public schools of New Caledonia between July 2015 and April 2016. These data included measured height and weight, SSB consumption, sociodemographic characteristics, body weight perception, physical activity, and knowledge (sugar quantity/SSB unit; energy expenditure required to eliminate a unit) and opinions about the SSB‒weight gain relationship. Ninety percent of these adolescents declared regularly drinking SSBs. Quantities were associated with living environment (1.94 L·week−1 in urban environment vs. 4.49 L·week−1 in rural environment, p = 0.001), ethnic community (4.77 L·week−1 in Melanesians vs. 2.46 L·week−1 in Caucasians, p < 0.001) and knowledge about energy expenditure (6.22 L·week−1 in unknowledgeable adolescents vs. 4.26 L·week−1 in adolescents who underestimated, 3.73 L·week−1 in adolescents who overestimated, and 3.64 L·week−1 in adolescents who correctly responded on the energy expenditure required to eliminate an SSB unit, p = 0.033). To conclude, community-based health promotion strategies should (1) focus on the physical effort needed to negate SSB consumption rather than the nutritional energy from SSB units and (2) highlight how to achieve sustainable lifestyles and provide tools for greater understanding and positive action.

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Relationship of body fat and body mass index in young Pacific Islanders: a cross‐sectional study in European, Melanesian and Polynesian groups

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio misclassification of overweight and obesity in Chinese military personnel

Body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio misclassification of overweight and obesity in Chinese military personnel

Living in Rural and Urban Areas of New Caledonia: Impact on Food Consumption, Sleep Duration and Anthropometric Parameters Among Melanesian Adolescents

Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Associated Factors in School-Going Adolescents of New Caledonia

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