Relationship of bacterial counts with turbidity and free chlorine in two distribution systems

Reilly, J. Kevin; Kippin, Joyce S.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1983.tb05143.x

Cited by 46 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…b), which was higher than that of antibiotic‐sensitive E. coli (ATCC 25922). Previous studies reported that antibiotic‐resistant organisms could produce more capsular material than antibiotic‐sensitive strains (Reilly and Kippin ; Rusin and Gerba ). The production of capsule by antibiotic‐resistant organisms could be an important factor in delaying microbial self‐aggregates, contributing to a higher UV dose, which was necessary to enter the tailing phase and the low inactivation efficiency at the fast kinetics phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of ultraviolet disinfection on antibiotic-resistantEscherichia colifrom wastewater: inactivation, antibiotic resistance profiles and antibiotic resistance genes

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2017

J Appl Microbiol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of ultraviolet disinfection on antibiotic-resistantEscherichia colifrom wastewater: inactivation, antibiotic resistance profiles and antibiotic resistance genes

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2017

J Appl Microbiol

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“…Similarly, work by Goshko et al (1983) found positive correlations between HPCs and turbidities in the 0.83-8.89 NTU range. On the other hand, a study reported by Reilly and Kippin (1983) suggested that turbidity around 1.0 NTU does not affect the frequency with which either coliforms or HPC organisms occur in the analysis. Particulate matter (e.g., organic, inorganic, higher microorganisms) can protect bacteria and viruses from the effects of disinfection.…”

Section: Turbiditymentioning

confidence: 92%

Monitoring of Coliforms and chlorine residual in water distribution network of Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Farooq

Hashmi

Qazi

et al. 2007

Environ Monit Assess

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The present study was undertaken to examine the drinking water quality of Rawal Treatment Plant, Rawalpindi and its distribution network by collecting samples from eight different locations. The aim was to determine potential relationship between the presence of microorganisms and chlorine residual in the distribution network. Quantification of chlorine residual, turbidity, standard plate count (SPC), fecal and total coliforms by Most Probable Number (MPN) was performed. Three different forms of chlorine were measured at each sampling station such as free chlorine, residual chlorine, chloramines and total chlorine residual. A critical evaluation of data presented indicated that pH generally ranged from 7.02-7.30; turbidity varied from 0.34-2.79 NTU; conductivity fluctuated from 359-374 microS/cm; and TDS values were found to be ranging between 180-187 mg/l. Station # 7 was found to be most contaminated. The value of total chlorine was found to be 0.86 to1.7 mg/l at Station # 3 and 6, respectively. Highest standard plate count was 62 CFU/ml at Station # 7. Total coliforms were less than 1.1 MPN/100 ml at almost most of the stations except at Station # 3 where it was found to be greater than 23.0 MPN /100 ml. Overall aim of this study is to create awareness about contamination of drinking water in the water distribution networks and to make recommendations to provincial agencies such as EPA, CDA and WASA that regular monitoring should be carried out to ensure that the chlorine residual is available at consumer end.

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“…Biofilms will grow on cast or ductile iron, cement or polyvinyl chloride and may include chlorine-sensitive bacteria because the diffusion of chlorine to the walls of the pipes is impeded by the film (Reilly & Kippin 1983;Chadderton et al 1992).…”

Section: Heterotrophic Plate Count (Hpc) Bacteria Removalmentioning

confidence: 98%

Application of unidirectional flushing in water distribution pipes

Ahn

Lee

Choi

et al. 2011

Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua

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In this study unidirectional flushing (UDF) was conducted to improve the effectiveness of deposit removal from internal pipe walls and to provide information on pipe networks to enable operators to implement flushing in field. Four ductile cast iron pipes with epoxy-lined and cement-lined were selected for the practice of UDF. Water pressure was measured using a data logger equipped with a pressure gauge. The normal flow velocities of the networks were found to be 0.12 m/sec or below in the study area. Flushing velocities ranged from 1.07 m/sec to 2.78 m/sec by using a blow-off valve for discharge. The discharged water was taken in five-minute intervals to measure water quality parameters: turbidity, residual chlorine, pH, temperature and conductivity in the field; metals, inorganic ions, total suspended solids and heterotrophic plate count bacteria in the laboratory. The practice of periodic UDF as preventive maintenance is expected to contribute to enhancement of safety and stability of the water supply. It was indicated that part of the biofilm could be removed with the sediments in the pipe by UDF since the removal of HPC bacteria was correlated with total suspended solids (TSS) (R 2 ¼ 0.90). The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) between turbidity and TSS is 0.90 except for one outlier. Sediment removal could be estimated from the turbidity data of flushed water in the field using the equation of the relationship between turbidity and TSS.

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Relationship of bacterial counts with turbidity and free chlorine in two distribution systems

Cited by 46 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of ultraviolet disinfection on antibiotic-resistantEscherichia colifrom wastewater: inactivation, antibiotic resistance profiles and antibiotic resistance genes

Effects of ultraviolet disinfection on antibiotic-resistantEscherichia colifrom wastewater: inactivation, antibiotic resistance profiles and antibiotic resistance genes

Monitoring of Coliforms and chlorine residual in water distribution network of Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Application of unidirectional flushing in water distribution pipes

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