Relationship of Atmospheric Pollution Characterized by Gas (NO2) and Particles (PM10) to Microbial Communities Living in Bryophytes at Three Differently Polluted Sites (Rural, Urban, and Industrial)

Abstract

Atmospheric pollution has become a major problem for modern societies owing to its fatal effects on both human health and ecosystems. We studied the relationships of nitrogen dioxide atmospheric pollution and metal trace elements contained in atmospheric particles which were accumulated in bryophytes to microbial communities of bryophytes at three differently polluted sites in France (rural, urban, and industrial) over an 8-month period. The analysis of bryophytes showed an accumulation of Cr and Fe at the rural site; Cr, Fe, Zn, Cu, Al, and Pb at the urban site; and Fe, Cr, Pb, Al, Sr, Cu, and Zn at the industrial site. During this study, the structure of the microbial communities which is characterized by biomasses of microbial groups evolved differently according to the site. Microalgae, bacteria, rotifers, and testate amoebae biomasses were significantly higher in the rural site. Cyanobacteria biomass was significantly higher at the industrial site. Fungal and ciliate biomasses were significantly higher at the urban and industrial sites for the winter period and higher at the rural site for the spring period. The redundancy analysis showed that the physico-chemical variables ([NO(2)], relative humidity, temperature, and site) and the trace elements which were accumulated in bryophytes ([Cu], [Sr], [Pb]) explained 69.3% of the variance in the microbial community data. Moreover, our results suggest that microbial communities are potential biomonitors of atmospheric pollution. Further research is needed to understand the causal relationship underlined by the observed patterns.

Using “bryophytes and their associated testate amoeba” microsystems as indicators of atmospheric pollution

“…The study sites, the moss sampling and analysis and NO 2 sampling and analysis were described in detail in Meyer et al (2010a) and Fabure et al (2010). Meteorological data were collected at each site.…”

“…Meteorological and atmospheric NO 2 concentrations data were presented in detail by Meyer et al (2010a).…”

“…The characterisation of study sites and MTEs accumulation were discussed in our previous study (Meyer et al, 2010a). Briefly, the three sites were characterised by different climatic conditions and different atmospheric pollution.…”

“…Two studies have shown an impact of particulate pollution on the biomasses of microbial communities living in Pseudoscleropodium purum. In situ, Meyer et al (2010a) showed that urban and industrial pollution had a negative impact on total TA biomass. Under controlled conditions, these authors showed a negative impact of a common level of urban particulate on the total biomass of an active TA community (Meyer et al, 2010b).…”

“…The TA community data obtained in our previous in situ study (Meyer et al, 2010a) has been reworked and expanded to better determine its role as a potential indicator. The effect of different atmospheric pollutions that were characterised by NO 2 atmospheric concentrations and the concentrations of metal trace elements (MTEs) accumulated in bryophytes were estimated using different ecological indexes for the TA community (biomass, abundance, diversity, and species richness).…”