Relationship of Apical Dominance to the Nutrient Accumulation Pattern in <i>Pisum sativum</i> var. Alaska

Husain, Syed Mushtaq; Linck, A. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1966.tb07090.x

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…how far the bud is from the site of decapitation; Fig. 2; Husain and Linck, 1966). This pattern of outgrowth is likely due to the bud at node 2 having a better established vasculature connection or being larger than other buds, enabling it to respond quickly when triggered, which subsequently allows it to induce correlative inhibition over other buds.…”

Section: Reduced Iaa Levels In the Main Stem Do Not Trigger Bud Outgrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles for Auxin, Cytokinin, and Strigolactone in Regulating Shoot Branching

2009

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Many processes have been described in the control of shoot branching. Apical dominance is defined as the control exerted by the shoot tip on the outgrowth of axillary buds, whereas correlative inhibition includes the suppression of growth by other growing buds or shoots. The level, signaling, and/or flow of the plant hormone auxin in stems and buds is thought to be involved in these processes. In addition, RAMOSUS (RMS) branching genes in pea (Pisum sativum) control the synthesis and perception of a long-distance inhibitory branching signal produced in the stem and roots, a strigolactone or product. Auxin treatment affects the expression of RMS genes, but it is unclear whether the RMS network can regulate branching independently of auxin. Here, we explore whether apical dominance and correlative inhibition show independent or additive effects in rms mutant plants. Bud outgrowth and branch lengths are enhanced in decapitated and stem-girdled rms mutants compared with intact control plants. This may relate to an RMS-independent induction of axillary bud outgrowth by these treatments. Correlative inhibition was also apparent in rms mutant plants, again indicating an RMS-independent component. Treatments giving reductions in RMS1 and RMS5 gene expression, auxin transport, and auxin level in the main stem were not always sufficient to promote bud outgrowth. We suggest that this may relate to a failure to induce the expression of cytokinin biosynthesis genes, which always correlated with bud outgrowth in our treatments. We present a new model that accounts for apical dominance, correlative inhibition, RMS gene action, and auxin and cytokinin and their interactions in controlling the progression of buds through different control points from dormancy to sustained growth.

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Section: Reduced Iaa Levels In the Main Stem Do Not Trigger Bud Outgrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles for Auxin, Cytokinin, and Strigolactone in Regulating Shoot Branching

2009

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“…1B). Other investigators have found that rapid growth of a bud can inhibit buds at higher and lower nodes in pea (11) and at opposite nodes of Alternanthera, a decussate plant (6). However, a detailed study of the transition from growth to dormancy, as we have described for small axillary buds of pea, has not been reported previously (Fig.…”

Section: Axillary Bud Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of a Ribosomal Protein Gene in Axillary Buds of Pea Seedlings

Stafstrom¹,

Sussex²

1992

Plant Physiol.

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Axillary buds of intact pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L. cv Alaska) do not grow and are said to be dormant. Decapitation of the terminal bud promotes the growth of these axillary buds, which then develop in the same manner as terminal buds. We previously showed that unique sets of proteins are expressed in dormant and growing buds. Here we describe the cloning, sequencing, and expression of a cDNA clone (pGB8) that is homologous to ribosomal protein L27 from rat. RNA corresponding to this clone increases 13-fold 3 h after decapitation, reaches a maximum enhancement of about 35-fold after 12 h, and persists at slightly reduced levels at later times. Terminal buds, root apices, and elongating internodes also contain pGB8 mRNA but fully expanded leaflets and fully elongated internodes do not. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrates that pGB8 mRNA increases in all parts of the bud within 1 h of decapitation. Under appropriate conditions, growing buds can be made to stop growing and become dormant; these buds subsequently can grow again. Therefore, buds have the capacity to undergo multiple cycles of growth and dormancy. RNA gel blots show that pGB8 expression is reduced to dormancy levels as soon as buds stop growing. However, in situ hybridization experiments show that pGB8 expression continues at growing-bud levels in the apical meristem for 2 d after it is reduced in the rest of the bud. When cultured stems containing buds are treated with indoleacetic acid at concentrations > 10 gM, bud growth and expression of pGB8 in the buds are inhibited.

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“…sativum plants in which basal branches and /or buds are present (Hussain and Linck 1966;King and van Staden 1988;Ferguson and Beveridge 2009). The present results show,…”

Section: Variation In Bud Outgrowth Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is particularly apparent in annual species, such as Pisum sativum (Hussain and Linck 1966;King and van Staden 1988), and in response to nodal rooting in prostrate clonal herbs (Thomas et al 2014). In both cases an initial phase of bud outgrowth to form a highly branched basal zone on the shoot is followed by a phase in which bud outgrowth is suppressed to form an 'inhibition zone' (Weberling 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms by which basal branches suppress axillary bud outgrowth in pea (Pisum sativum)

Thomas

Hay

2018

Botany

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This study examined whether the strong inhibitory influences of basal branches on axillary bud outgrowth seen in Trifolium repens similarly occur in Pisum sativum. Mechanisms by which basal branches in P. sativum suppress bud outgrowth were assessed using treatment combinations of main stem decapitation and excision, girdling and/or disbudding of basal branches. The combination of decapitation with basal branch excision provided a new avenue for investigation of correlative suppression of bud outgrowth. Results revealed a dual suppressive action of basal branch buds: girdling of basal branches confirmed they act via export of an inhibitory influence but also demonstrated, for the first time in P. sativum, their role as competitive sinks for a bud outgrowth stimulus. Although all axillary buds on the main stem had similar intrinsic potential for outgrowth, sensitivity to these suppressive influences varied with position on the stem. This suppressive influence of basal branches was, like apical dominance, a major influence on the regulation of bud outgrowth. The finding in P. sativum that basal branches suppress bud outgrowth via their action as competitive sinks for an outgrowth stimulus as they do in nodally-rooting clonal herbs suggests further investigation of this process is warranted.

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Relationship of Apical Dominance to the Nutrient Accumulation Pattern in Pisum sativum var. Alaska

Cited by 39 publications

References 14 publications

Roles for Auxin, Cytokinin, and Strigolactone in Regulating Shoot Branching

Roles for Auxin, Cytokinin, and Strigolactone in Regulating Shoot Branching

Expression of a Ribosomal Protein Gene in Axillary Buds of Pea Seedlings

Mechanisms by which basal branches suppress axillary bud outgrowth in pea (Pisum sativum)

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