Relationship of anxiety and depression

Frances, Allen; Manning, Donna; Marín, Dolores; Kocsis, James H.; McKinney, Kelly; Hall, Willa; Kline, Myriam

doi:10.1007/bf02246243

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Many studies have shown that anxiety and depression frequently overlaps and coexists in the same patient and facilitates each other [31]. On the other hand, many artifacts may occur related to the capability of assessment tools or diverse signs of depression and anxiety [32][33][34]. In accordance with this multivariate analysis in our study revealed that HADS-D and HADS-A scores were independent factors affecting each other.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Relationship between psychological status and disease activity and quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis

et al. 2010

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Our aim in this study was to compare the depression and anxiety risk in patients with AS and healthy controls and also to determine the relationship between disease activity, quality of life and psychological well-being. Two hundred and forty-three patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 118 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls were enroled into the study. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), and Functional Index, and Metrology Index, Health Assessment Questionnaire for Spondyloarthropathies (HAQ-S), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) including depression subscale (HADS-D) and anxiety subscale (HADS-A), Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) Scale, duration of morning stiffness, pain-visual analogue scale (VAS), patient and physician's global assessment of disease activity (100 mm VAS) were used to assess clinical and psychological status. Patients had similar HADS-D but higher HADS-A than healthy controls. Patients with high risk for depression and anxiety had higher scores in BASDAI, BASFI and also poorer scores in VAS pain, patient global assessment, physician global assessment, HAQ-S and ASQoL. There was a negative correlation of HADS-D and HADS-A scores with educational level of the patients. Higher scores in HADS-D and HADS-A indicated poorer functional outcome and quality of life. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the HADS-D (OR=6.84), HAQ-S (OR=1.76), VAS pain score (OR=1.03) and ESR (OR=1.02) were independent risk factors for higher anxiety scores whereas HADS-A (OR=1.36) and ASQoL (OR=1.24) were independent risk factors for higher depression scores. The psychological status had close interaction with disease activity and quality of life in patients with AS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Relationship between psychological status and disease activity and quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis

et al. 2010

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“…The third and fourth models of Frances et al (1992), also have some support in the literature (Malhi, Parker, Gladstone, Wilhelm, & Mitchell, 2002).…”

Section: The Dynamics Of Co-morbiditymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…A DSM-IV task force was commissioned to examine the phenomenon of comorbidity of anxiety and depression (Frances et al, 1992). They suggested four models of association: (a) distinct but sometimes co-existent syndromes; (b) symptoms of anxiety and depression denote external manifestations of a single underlying cause; (c) anxiety predisposing to depression; and (d) the converse, depression predisposing to anxiety.…”

Section: The Dynamics Of Co-morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Management of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: A Review

Ohaeri¹

2006

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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While anxiety and mild-moderate depression (the so-called neuroses) are the commonest mental disorders, they receive scant attention. They should be considered together, because they commonly occur together, are typically chronic, and respond to the same treatment. This review challenges traditional notions about the neuroses, by examining the reasons for their co-morbidity, the effectiveness of SSRIs in anxiety, and the biological basis of anxiety. From neuro-endocrine, psychoimmunology, genetic and clinical studies, anxiety and depression could denote manifestations of an underlying cause. Anxiety results from a dysregulation of homeostasis in the serotonin and noradrenergic systems, which SSRIs stabilize. Treatment guidelines recommend that SSRIs and SNRI should be first-line in the treatment of anxiety disorders, in combination with psychotherapy, with benzodiazepines used on short-term basis. Remission should be the goal of treatment. Outcome should include clinical, functional and disability assessments, graded in terms of response, remission and recovery. Perhaps the SSRIs and SNRI should be recognized as anti-neurotic. Mental disorders probably exist in a biological system with serotonin at the root of the neuroses, while dopamine sub-stands the psychoses.

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“…More specifically, there is the concern that co-morbidity between MDE and GAD is a product of the observed similarity or overlap between the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria required for both disorders (Brown & Barlow, 1992 ;Frances et al 1992 ;Brown et al 1995b ;Maser, 1998 ;Hunt, 2000 ;Slade & Watson, 2006). The DSM-IV symptom criteria required for MDE contains a strong anxiety component that is reflected by the inclusion of sleep disturbance, fatigue or loss of energy, psychomotor disturbance, and a diminished ability to think or concentrate (APA, 2000 ; see Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Investigating differential symptom profiles in major depressive episode with and without generalized anxiety disorder: true co-morbidity or symptom similarity?

et al. 2009

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The lack of any significant DIF indicates that cases with GAD do not present with a distinct MDE symptom profile, one that is consistent with the endorsement of symptoms that are conceptually similar in nature between the two disorders, compared to cases without GAD. This does not support the hypothesis that co-morbidity between MDE and GAD is artificially inflated because of the similar symptom criteria required by the current diagnostic system. Instead, MDE and GAD may be thought of as two distinct diagnostic entities that frequently co-occur because of a shared underlying trait.

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Relationship of anxiety and depression

Cited by 43 publications

References 18 publications

Relationship between psychological status and disease activity and quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis

Relationship between psychological status and disease activity and quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis

The Management of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: A Review

Investigating differential symptom profiles in major depressive episode with and without generalized anxiety disorder: true co-morbidity or symptom similarity?

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