Relationship of Adventitious Roots and Agronomic Characteristics in Barley

Hockett, E. A.

doi:10.4141/cjps86-040

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These tillers produce nodal (adventitious) roots which penetrate easily in soil along with seminal roots and establish a network of extensive roots by producing lateral roots [ 2 – 3 ]. It was found that an increase in tiller number or shoot dry weight enhanced the root density or root biomass, respectively [ 4 – 5 ]. Interestingly, such root-shoot relationship exists in the vegetative phase but not in the reproductive phase [ 6 – 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Mapping Reveals Broader Role of Vrn-H3 Gene in Root and Shoot Development beyond Heading in Barley

et al. 2016

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The aim of the present study was to dissect the genetic inheritance and interplay of root, shoot and heading attributes for a better understanding of these traits in crop production. For this, we utilized quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate gene analysis approach using a second filial (F2) population originated from a cross between spring cultivar Cheri and wild barley accession ICB181160. The F2 population comprising 182 plants was phenotyped for root dry weight (RDW), root volume (RV), root length (RL) and shoot dry weight (SDW), tiller number per plant (TIL) and days to heading (HEA). In parallel, this population was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers distributed across the whole genome. Marker by trait analysis revealed 16 QTL for root and shoot traits localized on chromosomes 1H, 3H, 4H, 5H and 7H. The strongest and a common QTL effect for root, shoot and heading traits was identified on chromosome 7H at the putative region of Vrn-H3 gene. Later, we have established PCR based gene specific marker HvVrnH3 revealing polymorphism for early heading Vrn-H3 allele in Cheri and late heading allele vrn-H3 in ICB181160. Genotyping of these alleles revealed a clear co-segregation of early heading Vrn-H3 allele with lower root and shoot attributes, while late heading vrn-H3 allele with more TIL and higher root biomass suggesting a primary insight on the function of Vrn-H3 gene beyond flowering. Genetic interactions of vernalization genes Vrn-H3 with Vrn-H2 and Vrn-H1 also suggested the major role of Vrn-H3 alleles in determining root and shoot trait variations in barley. We believe, these data provide an opportunity for further research to test a precise significance of early heading on yield components and root associated sustainability in crops like barley and wheat.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Mapping Reveals Broader Role of Vrn-H3 Gene in Root and Shoot Development beyond Heading in Barley

et al. 2016

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“…These opposite root phenotypes were caused by expression level of the OsNAC6 in roots of nac6 mutants and OsNAC6 overexpressors (Figure m). As root number positively correlates with tiller number (Hockett, ), we evaluated the average root number per tiller, which was found to be similar among all the genotypes (Figure n). We therefore concluded that the root number variation was caused by OsNAC6 overexpression and the nac6 mutation leads to abnormal tiller development.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rice OsNAC6 transcription factor orchestrates multiple molecular mechanisms involving root structural adaptions and nicotianamine biosynthesis for drought tolerance

Lee

Chung

Jeong

et al. 2017

Plant Biotechnology Journal

134

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SummaryDrought has a serious impact on agriculture worldwide. A plant's ability to adapt to rhizosphere drought stress requires reprogramming of root growth and development. Although physiological studies have documented the root adaption for tolerance to the drought stress, underlying molecular mechanisms is still incomplete, which is essential for crop engineering. Here, we identified OsNAC6‐mediated root structural adaptations, including increased root number and root diameter, which enhanced drought tolerance. Multiyear drought field tests demonstrated that the grain yield of OsNAC6 root‐specific overexpressing transgenic rice lines was less affected by drought stress than were nontransgenic controls. Genome‐wide analyses of loss‐ and gain‐of‐function mutants revealed that OsNAC6 up‐regulates the expression of direct target genes involved in membrane modification, nicotianamine (NA) biosynthesis, glutathione relocation, 3′‐phophoadenosine 5′‐phosphosulphate accumulation and glycosylation, which represent multiple drought tolerance pathways. Moreover, overexpression of NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE genes, direct targets of OsNAC6, promoted the accumulation of the metal chelator NA and, consequently, drought tolerance. Collectively, OsNAC6 orchestrates novel molecular drought tolerance mechanisms and has potential for the biotechnological development of high‐yielding crops under water‐limiting conditions.

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“…For example, in sorghum, the ortholog of TB1 ( SbTB1 ) was shown to be involved in the shade-dependent decline in tillering [ 39 ], a stress which decreases crown root number in maize [ 36 , 37 ]. In other cereals, Green Revolution breeding for dwarfism increased both tiller number and crown root number in wheat, barley and rice [ 40 - 43 ]. A single locus ( ari.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of altered dosage of a mutant allele of Teosinte branched 1 (tb1-ref) on the root system of modern maize

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThere was ancient human selection on the wild progenitor of modern maize, Balsas teosinte, for decreased shoot branching (tillering), in order to allow more nutrients to be diverted to grain. Mechanistically, the decline in shoot tillering has been associated with selection for increased expression of the major domestication gene Teosinte Branched 1 (Tb1) in shoot primordia. Therefore, TB1 has been defined as a repressor of shoot branching. It is known that plants respond to changes in shoot size by compensatory changes in root growth and architecture. However, it has not been reported whether altered TB1 expression affects any plant traits below ground. Previously, changes in dosage of a well-studied mutant allele of Tb1 in modern maize, called tb1-ref, from one to two copies, was shown to increase tillering. As a result, plants with two copies of the tb1-ref allele have a larger shoot biomass than heterozygotes. Here we used aeroponics to phenotype the effects of tb1-ref copy number on maize roots at macro-, meso- and micro scales of development.ResultsAn increase in the tb1-ref copy number from one to two copies resulted in: (1) an increase in crown root number due to the cumulative initiation of crown roots from successive tillers; (2) higher density of first and second order lateral roots; and (3) reduced average lateral root length. The resulting increase in root system biomass in homozygous tb1-ref mutants balanced the increase in shoot biomass caused by enhanced tillering. These changes caused homozygous tb1-ref mutants of modern maize to more closely resemble its ancestor Balsas teosinte below ground.ConclusionWe conclude that a decrease in TB1 function in maize results in a larger root system, due to an increase in the number of crown roots and lateral roots. Given that decreased TB1 expression results in a more highly branched and larger shoot, the impact of TB1 below ground may be direct or indirect. We discuss the potential implications of these findings for whole plant coordination of biomass accumulation and maize domestication.

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Relationship of Adventitious Roots and Agronomic Characteristics in Barley

Abstract: Hocrnrr, E. A. 1986. Relationship

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Genetic Mapping Reveals Broader Role of Vrn-H3 Gene in Root and Shoot Development beyond Heading in Barley

Genetic Mapping Reveals Broader Role of Vrn-H3 Gene in Root and Shoot Development beyond Heading in Barley

The rice OsNAC6 transcription factor orchestrates multiple molecular mechanisms involving root structural adaptions and nicotianamine biosynthesis for drought tolerance

The effect of altered dosage of a mutant allele of Teosinte branched 1 (tb1-ref) on the root system of modern maize

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