Relationship between Zoonotic Diseases and Food Safety

Abstract

Food safety is a critical global issue impacting economies and human health, with zoonotic diseases posing significant threats. Comprising approximately 60% of all infectious diseases affecting humans, zoonotic diseases significantly add to the burden of infectious diseases worldwide. Limited resources and insufficient healthcare systems intensify the issues resulting from the economic consequences, particularly in developing countries. The food supply chain, which includes primary production, processing, distribution, and consumption, is crucial to the spread of zoonosis. Animals often serve as sources of zoonotic diseases, and various stages of the food chain can facilitate their transmission. The genesis and spread of zoonotic diseases within the food supply chain are facilitated by changes in the environment, globalization, altered food consumption patterns, and socioeconomic factors. To reduce risks, a number of preventive measures have been put in place, including traceability programs, regulatory frameworks, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP), Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs), Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs), and GAPs. A number of outbreaks highlight the significance of appropriate food safety procedures at every point in the food supply chain to avert these kinds of occurrences. To treat zoonotic diseases, a One Health approach-which acknowledges the interdependence of human, animal, and environmental health-is crucial. Integrated surveillance systems and cooperative efforts are essential for early detection, risk assessment, and management. Effective methods for disease prevention and control are made possible by the systematic gathering and sharing of data. To reduce the incidence and effects of zoonotic diseases, it is essential to comprehend the variables that contribute to zoonosis and to put thorough food safety procedures in place. Continuous research, robust surveillance systems, and education campaigns are vital for sustaining global efforts to combat zoonotic diseases and ensure food safety in the future.