“…In addition, in a cohort of 64 IPF patients and 42 age-matched controls, CHI3L1 levels were elevated in patients with IPF, and high levels of CHI3L1 are associated with severe disease progression as defined by lung transplantation or death ( Zhou et al, 2014 ). Since then, numerus studies have showed that the serum CHI3L1 levels are increased in patients with other types of ILD, including connective tissue-related ILD ( Hozumi et al, 2017 ; Furukawa et al, 2019 ; Jiang et al, 2019 ), sarcoidosis ( Johansen et al, 2005 ; Kruit et al, 2007 ), cryptogenic tissue pneumonia ( Korthagen et al, 2014 ; Long et al, 2017 ), asbestosis-ILD ( Väänänen et al, 2017 ), and idiopathic nonspecific interstitial ( Korthagen et al, 2014 ; Long et al, 2017 ).…”