Relationship between welding conditions, abnormal grain growth and mechanical performance in friction-stir welded 6061-T6 aluminum alloy

Kalinenko, Alexander; Высоцкий, Игорь Юрьевич; Malopheyev, Sergey; Mironov, S.; Kaibyshev, Rustam

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2021.141409

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The phase form exists, and the particle size and quantity are relatively large, which is consistent with the results of Du, C. [32]. There are a lot of rolling strips in the microstructure of 6061-T6 Al alloy, which is enriched with a certain density along with the rolling direction β" Phase, and these β" Phases in the BM play an important role in strengthening the matrix, which makes the BM show excellent mechanical properties [33]. Mg 5 Si 6 (β") is the most effective metastable hardening precipitate in Al-Mg-Si (6-Series) alloy.…”

Section: Precipitation Phase Analysissupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Figure 10a shows that for 6061-T6 rolled Al alloy, {001} the crystal plane is always parallel to the WD crystal plane, and the texture of the main plane of the BM is {001} < 100 >, with remarkable texture characteristics. Relevant studies show that in the welding zone of 6061 Al alloy after conventional FSW, the texture usually becomes a plane texture of {111} < 110 > and {001} < 110 >, and the texture growth has a certain directionality [32][33][34][35]. On the contrary, the texture in the NZ of ultrathin Al alloy plates induced by HRFSW grows randomly, the texture strength is balanced, and the orientation dispersion is very small.…”

Section: Microstructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of High Rotational-Speed Friction-Stir Welding on Microstructure and Properties of Welded Joints of 6061-T6 Al Alloy Ultrathin Plate

et al. 2021

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The butt joint of an Al alloy ultrathin plate with a thickness of 0.5 mm is realized by a high rotational-speed friction-stir welding process. It overcomes the welding difficulty that the ultrathin plate is often torn, and it cannot be formed by conventional friction-stir welding. The results show that the weld surface is well-formed at a high-rotational speed (more than 8000 rpm), and there are no obvious defects in each area of the joint section. The nugget zone (NZ) is a recovery recrystallization structure dominated by large-angle grain boundaries, with a grain size of about 4.9 μm. During grain growth, the texture is randomly and uniformly distributed, and the strength is balanced. The microhardness of the NZ increases significantly with the increase in rotational speed, and the fluctuation range of hardness value is small. The NZ β–Mg2Si is finer and significantly less than the base metal (BM). The heat dissipation of the thin plate is fast, so a Cu plate is used as the backing plate to slow down the steep temperature-drop process in the weld area. Compared with a low rotational speed, the precipitation amount of brittle phase Al–Cu–Mg–Cr and Al–Fe–Si–Mn is significantly reduced, which is conducive to improving the mechanical properties of the joint. At a high rotational speed, 12,000 rpm, the best tensile strength of the joint is 220 MPa, which is about 76% of the BM (290 MPa), and the highest elongation is 9.3%, which is about 77.5% of the BM (12%). The fracture mode of the joint is a typical plastic fracture.

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Section: Precipitation Phase Analysissupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Microstructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of High Rotational-Speed Friction-Stir Welding on Microstructure and Properties of Welded Joints of 6061-T6 Al Alloy Ultrathin Plate

et al. 2021

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“…2a and b). As shown in the previous work [14], the annealed material exhibited bimodal grain-size distribution thus evidencing the abnormal mechanism of the grain growth. It is interesting to note that the microstructural coarsening developed heterogeneously across the stir zone.…”

Section: Microstructural Observationssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…2b). This phenomenon is thought to originate from the static recrystallization occurring in the thermo-mechanical affected zone (TMAZ) during solution annealing [14].…”

Section: Microstructural Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the conventional process (which involved no pre-strain rolling), this effect was associated with the abnormal grain growth in the stir zone. It has been shown recently [14] that the relatively high strain hardening rate, which is inherent to the coarse-grained materials, tended to suppress the tensile strain in the stir zone. As a result, it was preferentially concentrated in the fine-grained TMAZ, and thus the global elongation-to-failure was comparatively small.…”

Section: Tensile Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppression of abnormal grain growth in friction-stir welded aluminum by pre-strain rolling: Limitation of the approach

Kalinenko

Vysotskiy

Malopheyev

et al. 2022

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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Investigation of temperature distribution, microstructure evolution, and weld performance in stir friction welded joints of 6061 aluminum alloys

Wang,

Yang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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This paper investigates the relationship among welding process parameters, weld flow viscosity, welding heat generation, finite difference method (FDM) heat dissipation model, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties during friction stir welding (FSW) of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. Throughout the study, it was experimentally verified that the temperature inside the weld does not always increase on the AS side compared to the RS side under different welding process parameters, and the highest temperature did not always occur when the stirring pin passed through. As the flow viscosity is dependent on the weld temperature, and viscosity and temperature have corresponding inhibitory and promoting effects on the formation of intergranular structures in the weld, it is shown that the plastic flow of material differs at different positions in the weld nugget, subsequently affecting the macroscopic mechanical properties of the weld.

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Relationship between welding conditions, abnormal grain growth and mechanical performance in friction-stir welded 6061-T6 aluminum alloy

Cited by 25 publications

References 69 publications

Effect of High Rotational-Speed Friction-Stir Welding on Microstructure and Properties of Welded Joints of 6061-T6 Al Alloy Ultrathin Plate

Effect of High Rotational-Speed Friction-Stir Welding on Microstructure and Properties of Welded Joints of 6061-T6 Al Alloy Ultrathin Plate

Suppression of abnormal grain growth in friction-stir welded aluminum by pre-strain rolling: Limitation of the approach

Investigation of temperature distribution, microstructure evolution, and weld performance in stir friction welded joints of 6061 aluminum alloys

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