Relationship Between Vitamin D and Thyroid: An Enigma

Ashok, Tejaswini; Palyam, Vishnu; Azam, Ahmad T; Odeyinka, Oladipo; Alhashimi, Rasha; Thoota, Sankeerth; Sange, Ibrahim

doi:10.7759/cureus.21069

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Nevertheless, recent systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-regression of observational studies [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ] have confirmed that vitamin D levels were significantly lower in autoimmune hypothyroidism disease or HT patients compared to healthy people. Accordingly, it seems that there is proven evidence supporting a relationship between low vitamin D status and HT.…”

Section: Relationship Between Vitamin D Status and Hashimoto’s Thyroi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Vitamin D

Durá-Travé,

Gallinas-Victoriano

2024

IJMS

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Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is marked by self-tissue destruction as a consequence of an alteration in the adaptive immune response that entails the evasion of immune regulation. Vitamin D carries out an immunomodulatory role that appears to promote immune tolerance. The aim of this study is to elaborate a narrative review of the relationship between vitamin D status and HT and the role of vitamin D supplementation in reducing HT risk by modulating the immune system. There is extensive literature confirming that vitamin D levels are significantly lower in HT patients compared to healthy people. On the other hand, after the supplementation with cholecalciferol in patients with HT and vitamin D deficiency, thyroid autoantibody titers decreased significantly. Further knowledge of the beneficial effects of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune thyroid diseases requires the execution of additional randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials and longer follow-up periods.

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Section: Relationship Between Vitamin D Status and Hashimoto’s Thyroi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Vitamin D

Durá-Travé,

Gallinas-Victoriano

2024

IJMS

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“…The vitamin D will then be transported into the liver and adipose tissue. In the liver, vitamin D will be metabolized by 25-hydroxylase to obtain the 25(OH)D form as vitamin D inactive form [ 97 , 98 ].…”

Section: Toxicodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Toxicology of Vitamin D in Pediatrics: A Review and Case Reports

Levita,

Wilar,

Wahyuni

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Intoxication of vitamin D is not a common case in pediatrics. Vitamin D supplements are sold as OTC drugs; however, there is a lack of public education about the permissible limits of vitamin D intake which may lead to vitamin D toxicity (VDT). This review aims to give insights to readers or practitioners about the clinical toxicology of vitamin D in pediatrics, which includes the mechanism of VDT, case reports, and the management of vitamin D poisoning. VDT refers to serum 25(OH)D levels, particularly when the level exceeds 100 ng/mL (250 nmol/L) or is defined as hypervitaminosis D. Hypercalcemia is a common condition of vitamin D toxicity. Vitamin D and its metabolites in moderate levels can induce hypercalcemia, as indicated by the elevation of osteoclastic bone resorption, the presence of calcium in renal tubules, intestinal calcium intake (through increased production of calcium-binding protein in enterocytes), and the decrease of parathyroid hormone synthesis. VDT in pediatrics can be managed by discontinuing vitamin D intake; using activated charcoal, furosemide, prednisone, and calcitonin; rehydration using intravenous sodium chloride 0.9%; and dextrose fluid therapy. It is important for parents to be more careful when providing vitamin D to their children.

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“…For example, the allele f of the FokI gene polymorphism leads to a longer VDR protein by inserting a start codon, which can affect VDR activity and reduces its effectiveness as a transcriptional activator. Also, the f allele has been correlated with higher 25(OH) vitamin D levels (22)(23)(24). Furthermore, it has been shown that VDR expression is negatively correlated with tumor malignancy, and is considered a biomarker for high-risk patients (23,24).…”

Section: Figure 2 Histopathologic Findings A) Papillary Thyroid Carci...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the f allele has been correlated with higher 25(OH) vitamin D levels (22)(23)(24). Furthermore, it has been shown that VDR expression is negatively correlated with tumor malignancy, and is considered a biomarker for high-risk patients (23,24). VDR gene polymorphisms (ApaI, BsmI, TaqI, FokI) were also studied in order to establish their role as potential risk factors and predictors for tumor aggressiveness.…”

Section: Figure 2 Histopathologic Findings A) Papillary Thyroid Carci...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Status and VDR Polymorphisms as Prognostic Factors in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

Cocolos

Muresan

Caragheorgheopol

et al. 2022

In Vivo

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Background/Aim: Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms are involved in a variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion in malignant tumors. This study investigated whether vitamin D levels and genetic variations of VDR are risk factors for thyroid cancer. Patients and Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (n=113) and those with benign thyroid pathology (n=150) were genotyped for VDR gene polymorphisms (ApaI, TaqI, FokI, and BsmI) and their 25(OH)D levels were simultaneously measured. Demographic data and histopathologic reports were also acquired for all patients. Results: Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the thyroid cancer group (p=0.03). FokI and TaqI polymorphisms were more frequent in the thyroid cancer patients (p<0.001). Compared to control, the proportion of the FokI Ff genotype was increased (p<0.0006) and the proportion of the TaqI Tt genotype was also higher among patients with thyroid cancer (p<0.0001). The Ff genotype of FokI was also associated with multifocality, invasive pattern, and risk for local metastasis. Conclusion: The VDR gene polymorphism FokI may be associated with the risk of thyroid cancer and its more aggressive forms.

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Relationship Between Vitamin D and Thyroid: An Enigma

Cited by 7 publications

References 116 publications

Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Vitamin D

Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Vitamin D

Clinical Toxicology of Vitamin D in Pediatrics: A Review and Case Reports

Vitamin D Status and VDR Polymorphisms as Prognostic Factors in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

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