2016
DOI: 10.3390/toxins8060182
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Relationship between vacA Types and Development of Gastroduodenal Diseases

Abstract: The Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) is a secreted pore-forming toxin and a major virulence factor in the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection. While VacA is present in almost all strains, only some forms are toxigenic and pathogenic. While vacA and its genotypes are considered as markers of H. pylori-related diseases or disorders, the pathophysiological mechanisms of VacA and its genotypes remain controversial. This review outlines key findings of publications regarding vacA with emphasis on th… Show more

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Cited by 44 publications
(26 citation statements)
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References 68 publications
(109 reference statements)
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“…Numerous studies have provided evidence for a stronger association of disease outcomes in individuals infected with H. pylori strains possessing active vac A genotypes such as s 1 and m 1 than that with less or non-active vac A types. 51 , 52 …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Numerous studies have provided evidence for a stronger association of disease outcomes in individuals infected with H. pylori strains possessing active vac A genotypes such as s 1 and m 1 than that with less or non-active vac A types. 51 , 52 …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Of the Sec-related proteins, SecA functions as an ATPase bound to a complex formed by inner membranebound Sec-related proteins. [36,38,39] Acidic pH of the gastric environment highly affects the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of chemicals. Sui et al reported that the degradation rate of C3G increased with an increase in pH and that degradation rate constants increased with an increase in temperature.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In a recent meta-analysis, CagA with a single EPIYA-D motif was significantly associated with the development of gastric cancer while CagA with multiple EPIYA-C motifs was found to be a significant risk factor for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in Asian countries; however, in the US and Europe, CagA with multiple EPIYA-C motifs was associated with the development of gastric cancer 21 . The VacA is an exotoxin which affects multiple cellular pathways and induces host cell vacuolation and cell death (reviewed in 22 ).…”
Section: Virulence Factors Implicated In Gastro-duodenal Diseasesmentioning
confidence: 99%