Abstract:This scoping study aims to explore the relationships between urban green spaces (UGSs) and the onset, remission and recovery of cancer. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews (protocol published in 2018). Eligibility criteria for papers were: (1) to be concerned with UGSs, (2) reporting effects of UGSs on cancer-related outcomes including direct or indirect measures, (3) reporting randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort… Show more
“… Li et al 51 29 studies including 24 longitudinal studies and 5 cross-sectional studies Lifelong exposure to NDVI, land cover/land use class, access to public greenspace, access to private greenspace, tree cover, urbanicity, self-reported frequency, self-reported duration, quality of public space audit, self-reported quality Incidence of mental disorders, psychiatric symptoms, emotions, behavioral problems, cognitive function, and subjective well-being Early-life nature exposure was generally beneficially associated with five domains of mental health including incidence of mental disorders, psychiatric symptoms and emotions, conduct problems in children, cognitive function, and subjective well-being, although inconsistencies were also reported. Porcherie et al 53 29 studies including 19 cross-sectional studies, 4 cohort studies, 2 case-control studies, two qualitative studies, one quasi experimental studies, and one systematic review and meta-analysis Playgrounds or recreational areas, and coverage or distance to natural space, NDVI, census unit, and proportion of land cover Lung cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, skin cancer, larynx cancer, non-specific cancer mortality, non-specific carcinogenic risk, and prostate cancer. Evidence concerning greenspace and cancer risk is limited and mixed.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 51 N N Y Y Y Y N Y Y N N/A N/A Y Y N/A Y Porcherie et al. 53 Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y N N N/A N/A N Y N/A Y N, no; Y, yes; P, partly; N/A, not applicable since no meta-analysis was conducted. ∗ Critical domains.…”
Multiple systematic reviews on greenspace and health outcomes exist, but the overall evidence base remains unclear. Therefore, we performed an umbrella review to collect and appraise all relevant systematic reviews of epidemiological studies on greenness exposure and health. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to June 28, 2021, and screened references of relevant articles. Systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses of epidemiological studies that examined the associations of greenness with any health outcome were included. Two independent investigators performed study selection and data extraction. We also evaluated the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews using the “Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2” checklist. A total of 40 systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included, of which most were cross-sectional studies conducted in high-income countries. Greenspace exposure was estimated with various objective and subjective parameters. Beneficial associations of greenspace with all-cause and stroke-specific mortality, CVD morbidity, cardiometabolic factors, mental health, low birth weight, physical activity, sleep quality, and urban crime were observed. No consistent associations between greenspace and other health outcomes (e.g., cancers) were observed. Most of the included systematic reviews and meta-analyses had one or more limitations in methodology. Our findings provide supportive evidence regarding the beneficial effects of greenspace exposure on some aspects of human health. However, the credibility of such evidence was compromised by methodological limitations. Better performed systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as longitudinal designed primary studies are needed to validate this conclusion.
“… Li et al 51 29 studies including 24 longitudinal studies and 5 cross-sectional studies Lifelong exposure to NDVI, land cover/land use class, access to public greenspace, access to private greenspace, tree cover, urbanicity, self-reported frequency, self-reported duration, quality of public space audit, self-reported quality Incidence of mental disorders, psychiatric symptoms, emotions, behavioral problems, cognitive function, and subjective well-being Early-life nature exposure was generally beneficially associated with five domains of mental health including incidence of mental disorders, psychiatric symptoms and emotions, conduct problems in children, cognitive function, and subjective well-being, although inconsistencies were also reported. Porcherie et al 53 29 studies including 19 cross-sectional studies, 4 cohort studies, 2 case-control studies, two qualitative studies, one quasi experimental studies, and one systematic review and meta-analysis Playgrounds or recreational areas, and coverage or distance to natural space, NDVI, census unit, and proportion of land cover Lung cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, skin cancer, larynx cancer, non-specific cancer mortality, non-specific carcinogenic risk, and prostate cancer. Evidence concerning greenspace and cancer risk is limited and mixed.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 51 N N Y Y Y Y N Y Y N N/A N/A Y Y N/A Y Porcherie et al. 53 Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y N N N/A N/A N Y N/A Y N, no; Y, yes; P, partly; N/A, not applicable since no meta-analysis was conducted. ∗ Critical domains.…”
Multiple systematic reviews on greenspace and health outcomes exist, but the overall evidence base remains unclear. Therefore, we performed an umbrella review to collect and appraise all relevant systematic reviews of epidemiological studies on greenness exposure and health. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to June 28, 2021, and screened references of relevant articles. Systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses of epidemiological studies that examined the associations of greenness with any health outcome were included. Two independent investigators performed study selection and data extraction. We also evaluated the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews using the “Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2” checklist. A total of 40 systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included, of which most were cross-sectional studies conducted in high-income countries. Greenspace exposure was estimated with various objective and subjective parameters. Beneficial associations of greenspace with all-cause and stroke-specific mortality, CVD morbidity, cardiometabolic factors, mental health, low birth weight, physical activity, sleep quality, and urban crime were observed. No consistent associations between greenspace and other health outcomes (e.g., cancers) were observed. Most of the included systematic reviews and meta-analyses had one or more limitations in methodology. Our findings provide supportive evidence regarding the beneficial effects of greenspace exposure on some aspects of human health. However, the credibility of such evidence was compromised by methodological limitations. Better performed systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as longitudinal designed primary studies are needed to validate this conclusion.
“…A measurable effect of interactions with green space is an increase in the mobilisation of the body’s immune system and metabolism [ 30 , 31 , 32 ] and a reduction in the number of cardiovascular [ 33 , 34 ] and respiratory diseases [ 35 , 36 ]. Green-blue spaces are also used in the prevention of infectious diseases [ 37 ] and cancer [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. These areas even reduce premature mortality [ 41 , 42 ].…”
In the last year, in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, scientific papers have appeared in which the authors are trying to identify factors (including environmental) favoring the spread of this disease. This paper presents the spatial differentiation in the total number of COVID-19 cases and deaths during the full year (March 2020–March 2021) of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Poland versus green-blue spaces (green—i.a., forests, orchards, meadows and pastures, recreational and rest areas, biologically active arable land; blue—lakes and artificial water reservoirs, rivers, ecological areas and internal waters) and population density. The analysis covers 380 counties, including 66 cities. This study used daily reports on the progress of the pandemic in Poland published by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Poland and unique, detailed data on 24 types of land use available in the Statistics Poland database. Statistical relationships were determined between the above-mentioned environmental variables and the variables characterizing COVID-19 (cases and deaths). Various basic types of regression models were analysed. The optimal model was selected, and the determination coefficient, significance level and the values of the parameters of these relationships, together with the estimation error, were calculated. The obtained results indicated that the higher the number of green-blue spaces in individual counties, the lower the total number of COVID-19 infections and deaths. These relationships were described by logarithmic and homographic models. In turn, an increase in the population density caused an increase in COVID-19 cases and deaths, according to the power model. These results can be used in the current analysis of the spread of the pandemic, including the location of potential outbreaks. In turn, the developed models can be used as a tool in forecasting the development of the pandemic and making decisions about the implementation of preventive measures.
“…Furthermore, the effects of neighborhood social networks and social isolation have been studied in relation to preventive care utilization and cancer outcomes [ 21 , 22 ]. There is also abundant literature on access to green space and mental health among cancer survivors [ 23 ].…”
There is a growing literature on the association between neighborhood contexts and cancer survivorship. To understand the current trends and the gaps in the literature, we aimed to answer the following questions: To what degree, and how, has cancer survivorship research accounted for neighborhood-level effects? What neighborhood metrics have been used to operationalize neighborhood factors? To what degree do the neighborhood level metrics considered in cancer research reflect neighborhood development as identified in the Leadership for Energy and Environmental Design for Neighborhood Development (LEED-ND) guidelines? We first conducted a review guided by PRISMA extension for scoping review of the extant literature on neighborhood effects and cancer survivorship outcomes from January 2000 to January 2021. Second, we categorized the studied neighborhood metrics under six main themes. Third, we assessed the findings based on the LEED-ND guidelines to identify the most relevant neighborhood metrics in association with areas of focus in cancer survivorship care and research. The search results were scoped to 291 relevant peer-reviewed journal articles. Results show that survivorship disparities, primary care, and weight management are the main themes in the literature. Additionally, most articles rely on neighborhood SES as the primary (or only) examined neighborhood level metric. We argue that the expansion of interdisciplinary research to include neighborhood metrics endorsed by current paradigms in salutogenic urban design can enhance the understanding of the role of socioecological context in survivorship care and outcomes.
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