Relationship between unemployment and health among health care professionals: Health selection or health effect?

Unemployment during working life and mental health of retirees: Results of a representative survey

“…The converse selection hypothesis acts on the assumption that mentally or physically ill people lose their jobs more frequently as a result of their diseases. This theoretical point of view is also supported by empirical evidence (Heponiemi et al, 2007;Leino-Arjas, Liira, Mutanen, Malmivaara, & Maikainen, 1999;Salm, 2009;Schuring, Burdorf, Kunst, & Mackenbach, 2007). Furthermore, some studies found evidence for both causal directions (Dooley, Prause, & HamRowbottom, 2000;Gallo, Bradley, Siegel, & Kasl, 2000;Paul & Moser, 2009).…”

“…Some studies provide evidence for the higher burden of unemployed women, which could reflect the general tendency of higher prevalence rates of mental disorders like depression and anxiety disorders in women on the population level (Artazcoz, Benach, Borrell, & Corte`s, 2004;Brown et al, 2003;Butterworth et al, 2006;Gallo et al, 2000;McKee-Ryan et al, 2005;Rodriguez, Allen, Frongillo, & Chandra, 1999;Strandh, 2000). Other researchers found discrepancies in the opposite direction (Heponiemi et al, 2007;Maier et al, 2006;Paul & Moser, 2009). One possible explanation is an easier 'access to alternative roles that may be able to serve as substitutes to employment' for women (Paul & Moser, 2009, p. 266).…”

Poor mental health influences risk and duration of unemployment: a prospective study

“…Previous prospective research linking mental illness to poor employment prospects has focused on respondents with severe and low prevalent psychiatric disorders or inpatient admissions [7]. This study makes an important contribution as it uses a continuous measure of mental health symptoms (MHI-5) from a representative community survey.…”

“…There is less research exploring the reverse causal progression; that is, the effect preexisting mental health problems, particularly the common mental disorders such as anxiety and depression, may have on subsequent employment opportunities. Research conducted by Heponiemi et al [7] is one of the few studies to have found evidence of selection into unemployment based on a history of mental illness, although only a crude measure of mental health was used (admission to hospital as a psychiatric inpatient). Using panel data from a US national survey, Dooley and colleagues [8] found that depression symptoms amongst adequately employed young adults (in their early 30s) predicted unemployment 2 years later.…”

The discursive construction of care when there is no care to be found: Organizational life (re)framed by those on the socio‐economic margins facing job loss

“…When organizations are in the process of letting employees know that some will soon be unemployed, the organizational members -across standpoints -experience an increase in uncertainty and lack of trust. Following involuntary job loss possible results include long-term unemployment, increase in part-time employment, and wage decline (Spalter-Roth and Deitch 1999); challenges to mental and physical health (Menendez et al 2007); a 'loss of psychosocial assets such as time structure, personal status, and *Email: gunna@denison.edu A.M. Gunn work relationships' (Eliason andStorrie 2009, 1396); and an increased risk of cardiovascular illness (Heponiemi et al 2007). Evidence suggests that the increased downsizing and layoffs in US culture have a particularly strong impact on those living on the economic margins (Buzzanell 2000).…”