Relationship between Tropospheric Circulation over the Western North Pacific and Tropical Cyclone Approach/Landfall on Japan

Nakazawa, Tetsuo; Rajendran, Kavirajan

doi:10.2151/jmsj.85.101

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As an example, Fig. 3 exhibits the tracks of 26 TCs in 2001 when indicative of El Ni˜na, frequency no/La Niõ f landfalling TCs in the main islands of Japan and frequency of TC genesis in the western North Pacific were neutral (Nakazawa and Rajendran 2007). The best track data reported that 13 (50%, dots in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatology of Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Defined by Using Cyclone Phase Space

Kitabatake¹

2011

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific are examined to present climatology of their extratropical transition (ET) during the period of 1979-2004. Two parameters of the cyclone phase space (CPS) are calculated using the Japanese 25-year Reanalysis (JRA-25) dataset as indices of ET for the TCs in the best track data from the Japan Meteorological Agency. The onset and the completion of ET are defined as the beginning of an increase in thermal asymmetry and the evolution from the warm to the cold-core structure, respectively. Forty percent of all TCs are assumed to complete ET. The mean transition period from the ET onset until ET completion is estimated to be about 18 hrs, although 16.8% of all ET storms are transformed into the cold-core structure before the increase in thermal asymmetry. Meridional fluctuation in the location of ET completion by season attains its peak in August, while the peak of ET events occurs in September-October with regards to the ratio of ET frequency to all TCs, the transition period, and intensity at the time of ET completion.The background environment of ET events are also examined using the monthly mean of the JRA-25 and sea surface temperature of the centennial in situ observation-based estimates (COBE). Both air-sea thermal contrast and the tropospheric vertical shear are greater in autumn than in the Baiu season and summer. The results suggest that, whereas a TC can translate into higher latitudes with a warm-core structure in an environment of weak vertical shear and small air-sea contrast in summer, it tends to complete ET in lower latitudes in an environment of strong vertical shear and large air-sea contrast in autumn-winter. These characteristics of ET affect the seasonal variation in the structure of landfalling TCs on the main islands of Japan.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatology of Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Defined by Using Cyclone Phase Space

Kitabatake¹

2011

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…Several studies have investigated the relationship between the extent of the Pacific high and TC tracks (e.g., Harr and Elsberry 1995;Nakazawa and Rajendran 2007). In particular, Kawatani et al (2008) used monthly means to show that more TCs occur near Taiwan, Okinawa (southwest of Kyushu), and the Philippines when the Pacific high extends further westward; conversely, more TCs occur to the east of these areas when the Pacific high retreats further eastward.…”

Section: Tropical Cyclones and The Extension Of The Pacific Highmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Effects of Tropical Cyclones on Heavy Rainfall Events in Kyushu, Japan, during the Baiu Season

Yoshida

Itoh

2012

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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This study examines the indirect effect of tropical cyclones (TCs) on cases of heavy rainfall during the Baiu season in Kyushu, Japan using data analyses and numerical experiments. A detailed analysis of the heavy rainfall event that occurred on 7 June 1999 (JST) is performed. This event was remotely affected by Typhoon Maggie (9903), which was located approximately 2000 km from Kyushu at the time. As Typhoon Maggie passed close to Taiwan, a high potential vorticity (PV) zone appeared to the north of Taiwan. A low PV region formed simultaneously to the east of Taiwan, corresponding to a northwestward extension of the Pacific high. These dynamical changes induced an enhanced southerly moisture flux between the high PV zone and the low PV region, leading to moisture convergence and heavy rain in the vicinity of Kyushu. During this time, Typhoon Maggie also caused the northward advection of a separate tropical disturbance.The high PV zone to the north of Taiwan was produced by diabatic heating associated with interplay between the circulation of Typhoon Maggie and the topography of Taiwan. In contrast, the low PV region was formed through the advection of low-PV air from low latitudes by Typhoon Maggie. A piecewise PV inversion diagnostic shows that the low PV region was the largest contributor to the southerly moisture flux, although both Typhoon Maggie and the high PV zone also made positive contributions. Numerical experiments reveal that the precipitation in and around Kyushu was enhanced by both the topography of Taiwan and the northward advection of the additional tropical disturbance.This study identifies a new mechanism as an indirect effect of TCs. The core element of this mechanism is a large moisture flux south of Kyushu, which is termed "moisture road," and the difference from "atmospheric river" is discussed. This mechanism is not unique to Typhoon Maggie, as other cases of heavy rainfall in and around Kyushu are associated with similar situations.

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“…Typhoon Songda (2004) was 1 of the 10 named typhoons that made landfall on the main islands of Japan in 2004 and brought extensive damage to Japan due to both strong winds and heavy rainfall (Nakazawa and Rajendran 2007). Te storm formed near the Marshall Islands on 27 August 2004 and moved northwestward over the western North Pacific.…”

Section: An Overview Of Typhoon Songdamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Typhoon Songda (2004) in Producing Distantly Located Heavy Rainfall in Japan*

Wang

Fudeyasu

2009

Monthly Weather Review

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When Typhoon Songda (2004) was located southeast of Okinawa over the western North Pacific during 2-4 September 2004, a heavy rainfall event occurred over southern central Japan and its adjacent seas, more than 1200 km from the typhoon center. The Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF-ARW) model was used to investigate the possible remote effects of Typhoon Songda on this heavy precipitation event in Japan. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global final (FNL) analysis was used to provide both the initial and lateral boundary conditions for the WRF model. The model was initialized at 1800 UTC 2 September and integrated until 1800 UTC 6 September 2004, during which Songda was a supertyphoon. Two primary numerical experiments were performed. In the control experiment, a bogus vortex was inserted into the FNL analysis to enhance the initial storm intensity such that the model typhoon had an intensity that was similar to that observed at the initial time. In the no-typhoon experiment, the vortex associated with Typhoon Songda in the FNL analysis was removed by a smoothing algorithm such that the typhoon signal did not appear at the initial time. As verified against various observations, the control experiment captured reasonably well the evolution of the storm and the spatial distribution and evolution of the precipitation, whereas the remote precipitation in Japan was largely suppressed in the no-typhoon experiment, indicting the significant far-reaching effects of Typhoon Songda. Songda enhanced the remote precipitation in Japan mainly through northward moisture transport into the preconditioned precipitation region by its outer circulation. The orographic forcing of the central mountains in Japan played a small role compared with Typhoon Songda in this extreme precipitation event.

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Relationship between Tropospheric Circulation over the Western North Pacific and Tropical Cyclone Approach/Landfall on Japan

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Climatology of Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Defined by Using Cyclone Phase Space

Climatology of Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Defined by Using Cyclone Phase Space

Indirect Effects of Tropical Cyclones on Heavy Rainfall Events in Kyushu, Japan, during the Baiu Season

The Role of Typhoon Songda (2004) in Producing Distantly Located Heavy Rainfall in Japan*

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