Relationship Between Tooth wear and Age in the Japanese Black Bear in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan

Shimoinaba, Sayaka; Oi, Toru

doi:10.3106/041.040.0101

Cited by 37 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Accordingly, many mammal studies have used tooth wear for estimating age of individuals (red fox: Harris 1978, badger Meles meles: Harris et al 1992, roe deer Capreolus capreolus: Hewison 1999, gray wolf: Gipson et al 2000, racoon Procyon lotor: Grau et al 1970, black bear Ursus americanus: Shimoinaba and Oi 2015). Most of the times, tooth wear was used in dead (Harris 1978, Smuts et al 1978, Harris et al 1992, Gay and Best 1996, Hewison 1999, Gipson et al 2000, Rosatte and Silver 2007, anesthetized (Stander 1997, Van Horn et al 2003, Olifiers et al 2010, Delahay et al 2011 or captive (Grau et al 1970) animals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Age Estimation of Live Arctic FoxesVulpes lagopusBased on Teeth Condition

2017

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confidence: 99%

Age Estimation of Live Arctic FoxesVulpes lagopusBased on Teeth Condition

2017

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“…2 c, d) [ 34 ]. Bear age was estimated and classified as adult or subadult on the basis of first premolar tooth sections or tooth wear [ 34 , 35 ]. Bears aged 4 years or older were classified as adults [ 36 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological and plasma profiles and ticks and tick-borne pathogens in wild Formosan black bears (Ursus thibetanus formosanus)

Tsai,

Wechtaisong,

Lee

et al. 2024

Parasites Vectors

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Background The endangered Formosan black bear (Ursus thibetanus formosanus) is the largest native carnivorous mammal in Taiwan. Diseases, poor management, illegal hunting, and habitat destruction are serious threats to the survival of bear populations. However, studies on the impact of diseases on bear populations are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a database of the hematological and plasma profiles of free-ranging Formosan black bears and investigate the occurrence of ectoparasites, blood parasites, and vector-borne pathogens. Methods Formosan black bears were captured in Yushan National Park (YNP) and Daxueshan Forest Recreation Area (DSY) in Taiwan. Blood samples were collected from each bear for hematological analysis and plasma biochemistry using a hematology analyzer. Parasites and pathogens were detected using a thin blood smear with Wright–Giemsa staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Additionally, macroscopic ectoparasites were collected from bears to detect blood parasites and other pathogens. Moreover, the relationships between the bear variables (sex, age, and occurrence of parasites or pathogens), ectoparasites, and infectious agents were also analyzed. Results In all, 21 wild bears (14 in YNP and 7 in DSY) were captured and released during the satellite tracking studies. Hematological analysis and plasma biochemistry indicated significant differences in white blood cells (WBC), segments, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels between foot snare and culvert-captured bears. Additionally, there were significant differences in total plasma protein (TPP), creatinine, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ levels between male and female bears. Moreover, pathogen-infected bears had significantly higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; 30 min and 1 h) and globulin levels than uninfected bears. In total, 240 ticks were collected from 13 bears, among which eight adult tick species were identified, including Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalis hystricis, Amblyomma testudinarium, Ixodes ovatus, Dermacentor taiwanensis, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Ixodes acutitarsus, Amblyomma javanense, and nymphs belonging to Haemaphysalis spp. PCR revealed that 13 (61.90%) and 8 (38.10%) bears harbored Hepatozoon ursi and Babesia DNA, respectively. Among the ticks examined, 157 (65.41%) and 128 (53.33%) samples were positive for H. ursi and Babesia, respectively. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to establish a database of the hematological and plasma profiles of wild Formosan black bears and investigate ectoparasite infestation and Hepatozoon and Babesia spp. infection. In conclusion, these findings may serve as a reference for monitoring the health and population of locally endangered bears. Graphical Abstract

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“…Estimating age of large mammals in the field is most commonly done by evaluating dental characteristics [15][16][17][18][19]. For example, the first premolar in the lower or upper jaw is frequently extracted from live carnivores to more precisely determine age using cementum analysis [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating age of mule deer in the field: Can we move beyond broad age categories?

et al. 2023

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Age of individuals is an intrinsic demographic parameter used in the modeling and management of wildlife. Although analysis of cementum annuli from teeth is currently the most accurate method used to age ungulates, the age of live ungulates in the field can be estimated by examining tooth wear and tooth replacement patterns. However, there may be limitations to aging based on tooth wear as the rate of tooth wear likely varies among individuals due to factors such as age, diet, environment, and sex. Our objective was to determine the reliability of estimating age for mule deer based on tooth wear and tooth replacement patterns. We compared ages estimated by tooth wear (collected at time of capture for a statewide monitoring effort) to ages determined from cementum analysis (from teeth collected after mortalities of radio-tracked animals from the monitoring effort). Accuracy was high; ages estimated from tooth wear were within one year of cementum ages >75% of the time when aged by experienced observers. Bias in accuracy for estimates of age was low but slightly biased toward underestimation (i.e., 0.6 years on average)—especially as cementum age increased. Our results indicate that aging mule deer using patterns in tooth wear can be reliable if observers estimating age have experience using this method.

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Relationship Between Tooth wear and Age in the Japanese Black Bear in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan

Cited by 37 publications

References 21 publications

Age Estimation of Live Arctic FoxesVulpes lagopusBased on Teeth Condition

Age Estimation of Live Arctic FoxesVulpes lagopusBased on Teeth Condition

Hematological and plasma profiles and ticks and tick-borne pathogens in wild Formosan black bears (Ursus thibetanus formosanus)

Estimating age of mule deer in the field: Can we move beyond broad age categories?

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