Relationship between tobacco use, alcohol consumption and non-communicable diseases among women in India: evidence from National Family Health Survey-2015-16

Abstract

Background Based on an increased prevalence of diabetes, asthma and hypertension among women in reproductive age, understanding the risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is crucial to inform policy and program interventions to address the problem. In this study, we empirically assessed the associations of behavioural factors such as alcohol consumption and tobacco use and a variety of socioeconomic characteristics with prevalence of NCDs in adult women. Methods The data were derived from the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16. The effective sample size for the present paper was 699,686 women aged 15–49 years in India. Descriptive statistics along with bivariate analysis were conducted to find the preliminary results. Additionally, multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to find the relationship between NCDs and behavioural factors such as alcohol consumption and tobacco use. Moreover, population attributable risk was estimated in the present study. Results It was revealed that 15.9% of women had any of the NCDs. A proportion of 0.8% of women smoked tobacco whereas 5.5% of women consumed smokeless tobacco. Also, a proportion of 1.2% of women consumed alcohol in the current study. The odds of having NCDs among women who smoked tobacco, consumed smokeless tobacco and consume alcohol were 16, 8 and 20% significantly higher than the odds of having NCDs among women who did not smoke tobacco, consume smokeless tobacco and consume alcohol respectively. The population attributable risk of having NCDs was 1.8% (p < 0.001) for women who smoked, 0.8% (p < 0.001) for women who consumed smokeless tobacco and 2.2% (p < 0.001) for women who consumed alcohol. Besides, the odds of having NCDs among overweight and obese women were 2.25 and 3.60 times greater than the odds of having NCDs among women who were underweight. Conclusion The findings revealed that smoking and using smokeless tobacco and alcohol consumption were risk factors of NCDs in women. The findings also alarm the focus of maternal and child health programs on NCDs’ risk factors like maternal obesity, due to their adverse health consequences on their children too. Also, the coexistence of higher levels of tobacco use and alcohol consumption requires different strategies to address the vulnerability of women towards NCDs, including screening and early detection of NCDs especially among those who smoke or chew tobacco and consume alcohol.

Relação do tabagismo, inatividade física, consumo de álcool e população idosa com a mortalidade por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: um estudo ecológico com base de dados mundial

“…Um estudo feito com mulheres da Índia avaliou a correlação entre o uso do tabaco e consumo de álcool com as chances de desenvolver DCNT (Mishra et al, 2022). Nesse estudo, foi averiguado que as mulheres fumantes de tabaco têm 16% mais chances de ter DCNT comparado às não fumantes.…”

Epidemiology of non-communicable diseases among transgender population residing in Chennai district, Tamil Nadu

“…It is a known fact that tobacco and alcohol serve as important risk factors for diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart diseases. [ 24 ] A national survey by Buchting FO et al . [ 25 ] among TGs found that alcohol and tobacco usage among TGs was higher compared to the cisgenders.…”

BMI mediates the association of family medical history with self-reported hypertension and diabetes among older adults: Evidence from baseline wave of the longitudinal aging study in India

“…The following variables were included in the analysis due to their association with outcome variables as previously reported in the literature ( Joshi & Parikh, 2007 ; Kumar et al, 2022 ; Manchanda & Madan, 2014 ; Mishra et al, 2022 ; Venkataraman et al, 2013 ). Moderate physical activity was measured through the question, “How often do you do activities such as cleaning house, washing clothes by hand, fetching water or wood, drawing water from a well, gardening, bicycling at a regular pace, walking at a moderate pace, dancing, floor or stretching exercises?…”