Relationship between tick bites and the seroprevalence of Babesia microti and Anaplasma phagocytophila (previously Ehrlichia sp.) in blood donors

Leiby, David A.; Chung, Amy P.S.; Cable, Ritchard G.; Trouern‐Trend, Jonathan; McCullough, Jeffrey; Homer, Mary J.; Reynolds, Lisa D.; Houghton, Raymond L.; Lodes, Michael J.; Persing, David H.

doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00251.x

Cited by 73 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…in the general population, and determinations of prevalence in blood donors are rare, except for a few studies from the United States and Europe focused mostly on B. microti. In the Northeast United States, the seroprevalence of B. microti has been reported to range from 0.3% in Connecticut to 9.5% in Lyme disease patients (n ϭ 735) at the University of Connecticut (29,52,74,77,85). Several reports of B. microti in blood donors have reported rates as high as 4.3% (5 of 115 positive by IFA test) on Shelter Island, NY, an area where the parasite is highly endemic (77,80,100).…”

Section: Seroprevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Northeast United States, the seroprevalence of B. microti has been reported to range from 0.3% in Connecticut to 9.5% in Lyme disease patients (n ϭ 735) at the University of Connecticut (29,52,74,77,85). Several reports of B. microti in blood donors have reported rates as high as 4.3% (5 of 115 positive by IFA test) on Shelter Island, NY, an area where the parasite is highly endemic (77,80,100). A recent, ongoing Connecticut study reported that 1.1% of 21,523 donors tested from 2000 to 2007 were positive for B. microti antibodies by IFA testing (62).…”

Section: Seroprevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Transfusion-TransmittedBabesiaspp.: Bull's-Eye onBabesia microti

2011

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SUMMARY Babesia spp. are intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites of animals and humans that cause babesiosis, a zoonotic disease transmitted primarily by tick vectors. Although a variety of species or types of Babesia have been described in the literature as causing infection in humans, the rodent parasite Babesia microti has emerged as the focal point of human disease, especially in the United States. Not only has B. microti become established as a public health concern, this agent is increasingly being transmitted by blood transfusion: estimates suggest that between 70 and 100 cases of transfusion-transmitted Babesia (TTB) have occurred over the last 30 years. A recent upsurge in TTB cases attributable to B. microti , coupled with at least 12 fatalities in transfusion recipients diagnosed with babesiosis, has elevated TTB to a key policy issue in transfusion medicine. Despite clarity on a need to mitigate transmission risk, few options are currently available to prevent the transmission of B. microti by blood transfusion. Future mitigation efforts may stress serological screening of blood donors in regionalized areas of endemicity, with adjunct nucleic acid testing during the summer months, when acute infections are prevalent. However, several hurdles remain, including the absence of a licensed blood screening assay and a thorough cost-benefit analysis of proposed interventions. Despite current obstacles, continued discussion of TTB without proactive intervention is no longer a viable alternative.

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Section: Seroprevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seroprevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Transfusion-TransmittedBabesiaspp.: Bull's-Eye onBabesia microti

2011

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“…Thus, Walder and co-workers in Austria chose a cut off of 1:128, the 98 th percentile of a control population with low likelihood of having had HGA [25]. (cut-off ≥64) [27], and 9.0% (32/357) in Tyrol, Austria (cut-off ≥128) [25]. In Denmark,…”

Section: Anaplasma Phagocytophilummentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in healthy adults from western Norway

Hjetland

Henningsson

Vainio

et al. 2014

Infectious Diseases

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The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a healthy adult population from Sogn and Fjordane county in western Norway. Sera from 1, 213 blood donors were analysed for IgG-antibodies to TBEV, and a random subgroup of 301 donors for IgG to A. phagocytophilum.In the TBEV ELISA, five (0.4%) sera were positive. These were all interpreted as "false" positives, as four had received vaccines against flaviviruses, and the remaining was negative for neutralizing antibodies to TBEV.Antibodies to A. phagocytophilum were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in 49 (16.2%) subjects (titer range 80-1280).The results indicate that TBE currently is not endemic in this part of western Norway. However, there is serological evidence of the existence of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in the population.

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“…31 A seroprevalence study of 992 blood-donors from Connecticut and Wisconsin demonstrated that 0.4 to 0.9% of the blood donors have A. phagocytophilum antibodies. 32 There is no U.S. mandate to screen blood products for A. phagocytophilum infection, and at least 8 cases of HGA acquired via transfusions of infected leuko-reduced blood products have been reported since 2007. 33 Beyond A. phagocytophilum, Ixodes ticks are often coinfected with other human pathogens.…”

Section: Patient Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis

Bakken

Dumler

2008

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America

165

193

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SynopsisHuman granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), a deer tick transmitted rickettsial infection caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, is a common cause of undifferentiated fever in the Northeast and Upper Midwest U.S. Patients are often initially diagnosed with a mild viral infection, and illness readily resolves in most cases. However, as many as 3% may develop life threatening complications and nearly 1% die from the infection. A history of tick bite and a high degree of clinical suspicion thus warrant consideration for doxycycline treatment in both adults and children, even in the absence of known tick bite, a negative blood film examination, or pending results of specific A. phagocytophilum diagnostic tests such as paired serology or PCR on acute phase blood. Antibody tests and titers should not be used to monitor active infection as detectable antibodies can remain present for years. Moreover, persistent infection has never been reported. While coinfections with Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti occur, there is little evidence to suggest synergism of disease or a role for A. phagocytophilum in chronic illness. Preventive measures include avoiding tick-infested areas, use of tick repellents, and careful searches of skin to remove attached ticks; no vaccine is available.

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Relationship between tick bites and the seroprevalence of Babesia microti and Anaplasma phagocytophila (previously Ehrlichia sp.) in blood donors

Cited by 73 publications

References 39 publications

Transfusion-TransmittedBabesiaspp.: Bull's-Eye onBabesia microti

Transfusion-TransmittedBabesiaspp.: Bull's-Eye onBabesia microti

Seroprevalence of antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in healthy adults from western Norway

Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis

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