Relationship between the species-representative phenotype and intraspecific variation in Ranunculaceae floral organ and Asteraceae flower numbers

Kitazawa, Miho S.; Fujimoto, Koichi

doi:10.1093/aob/mcw034

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…), Pulsatilla cernua (Hyogo pref. ), and three forms of Anemone × hybrida (Japanese anemone; we previously called A. scabiosa in Kitazawa and Fujimoto 2016a , b ; Hokkaido, Tokyo, Mie, Shiga, Kyoto, Nara, Osaka and Hyogo pref.) in Japan.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, this genus includes species, such as A. nemorosa and A. hepatica ( Hepatica nobilis ), with two cycles of trimerous whorls as well as spiral flowers, including A. nikoensis, A. flaccida , and A. scabiosa ( A . × hybrida ; Japanese anemone), with a typical tepal number of five (Kitazawa and Fujimoto 2016a ). These species are not separately clustered but rather scattered in the phylogenetic tree (Hoot et al 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spiral phyllotaxis underlies constrained variation in Anemone (Ranunculaceae) tepal arrangement

Kitazawa

Fujimoto

2018

J Plant Res

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Stabilization and variation of floral structures are indispensable for plant reproduction and evolution; however, the developmental mechanism regulating their structural robustness is largely unknown. To investigate this mechanism, we examined positional arrangement (aestivation) of excessively produced perianth organs (tepals) of six- and seven-tepaled (lobed) flowers in six Anemone species (Ranunculaceae). We found that the tepal arrangement that occurred in nature varied intraspecifically between spiral and whorled arrangements. Moreover, among the studied species, variation was commonly limited to three types, including whorls, despite five geometrically possible arrangements in six-tepaled flowers and two types among six possibilities in seven-tepaled flowers. A spiral arrangement, on the other hand, was unique to five-tepaled flowers. A spiral phyllotaxis model with stochasticity on initiating excessive primordia accounted for these limited variations in arrangement in cases when the divergence angle between preexisting primordia was less than 144°. Moreover, interspecific differences in the frequency of the observed arrangements were explained by the change of model parameters that represent meristematic growth and differential organ growth. These findings suggest that the phyllotaxis parameters are responsible for not only intraspecific stability but interspecific difference of floral structure. Decreasing arrangements from six-tepaled to seven-tepaled Anemone flowers demonstrate that the stabilization occurs as development proceeds to increase the component (organ) number, in contrast from the intuition that the variation will be larger due to increasing number of possible states (arrangements).Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s10265-018-1025-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiral phyllotaxis underlies constrained variation in Anemone (Ranunculaceae) tepal arrangement

Kitazawa

Fujimoto

2018

J Plant Res

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“…that in some populations of species such as A. scabiosa and A. nikoensis imply that it is six [9]. This deviation may indicate that the basic number of floral organs is shifted from five to six, implying a relationship to trimery, since these species stochastically show flowers with six tepals, including the trimerous arrangement (II in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic occurrence of trimery from pentamery in floral phyllotaxis of Anemone (Ranunculaceae)

Kitazawa

Fujimoto

2016

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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Merosity, indicating the basic number of floral organs such as sepals and petals, has been constrained to specific and stable numbers during the evolution of angiosperms. The ancestral flower is considered to have a spiral arrangement of perianth organs, as in phyllotaxis, the arrangement of leaves. How has the ancestral spiral evolved into flowers with specific merosities? To address this question, we studied perianth organ arrangement in the Anemone genus of the basal eudicot family Ranunculaceae, because various merosities are found in this genus. In three species, A. flaccida, A. scabiosa, and A. nikoensis that are normally pentamerous, we found positional arrangement of the excessive sixth perianth organ indicating the possibility of a transition from pentamerous to trimerous arrangement. Arrangement was intraspecifically stochastic, but constrained to three of five types, where trimerous arrangement was the most frequent in all species except for a form of A. scabiosa. The rank of frequency of the other two types was species-dependent. We connect these observations with classical theories of spiral phyllotaxis. The phyllotaxis model for initiation of the sixth organ showed that the three arrangements occur at a divergence angle <144°, indicating the spiral nature of floral phyllotaxis rather than a perfect penta-radial symmetry of 144°. The model further showed that selective occurrence of trimerous arrangement is mainly regulated by the organ growth rate. Differential organ growth as well as divergence angle may regulate transitions between pentamerous and trimerous flowers in intraspecific variation as well as in species evolution.

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“…As already mentioned above, in order to better understand robustness and plasticity it is important not only to consider the mean of traits but also their variance (Mestek Boukhibar and Barkoulas, 2016). Kitazawa and Fujimoto (2016) provide a detailed study that does just that, using the intraspecific variation of the organ numbers within flowers of Ranunculaceae, and the numbers of flowers within the capitula of Asteraceae as examples. Employing four elementary statistical quantities the authors assess not only the robustness of the morphologies but also how flower structures diversify during evolution.…”

Section: Say It With Flowers: Case Studies On Floral Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Robust views on plasticity and biodiversity

Theißen

Melzer

2016

Ann Bot

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Background How the diversity of life on our planet originated is not completely understood and many questions are still open. Especially, the role of developmental robustness in evolution is an often neglected topic.Scope Considering diverse groups of plants and animals, and employing different concepts and approaches, the authors of articles in this Special Issue try to understand better the impact of developmental robustness, phenotypic plasticity and variance on species diversity, evolution and morphological disparity.Conclusions Several lines of theoretical considerations as well as case studies show that developmental robustness supports rather than prevents the evolution of species diversity, at least under certain circumstances. Among the possible mechanisms is the scenario that developmental robustness facilitates the synorganization of body parts, which may enable the origin of complex novelties; this then may set the ground for species radiation.

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Relationship between the species-representative phenotype and intraspecific variation in Ranunculaceae floral organ and Asteraceae flower numbers

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

Spiral phyllotaxis underlies constrained variation in Anemone (Ranunculaceae) tepal arrangement

Spiral phyllotaxis underlies constrained variation in Anemone (Ranunculaceae) tepal arrangement

Stochastic occurrence of trimery from pentamery in floral phyllotaxis of Anemone (Ranunculaceae)

Robust views on plasticity and biodiversity

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