Relationship Between the Size of Galleria mellonella Larvae and the Production of Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

Rahoo, Ali Murad; Mukhtar, Tariq; Bughio, B. A.; Rahoo, Rehana Kanwal

doi:10.17582/journal.pjz/2019.51.1.79.84

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In general, each rearing diet increased G. mellonella larval weights and may be able to increase nematode yield. This concept was similar to the results observed previously by van Zyl and Malan (2015), Kotchofa and Baimey (2019) and Rahoo et al (2019) who found that the number of nematode production from G. mellon ella is proportional to the insect host body weight and size. Dadd (1963), Lee et al (2007), Shapiro-Ilan et al (2008 and Mohamed and Amro (2022) stated that the proportion and/or selection of ingredients in diets play a vital role in larval development, fitness and in turn the quality of nematodes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…EPNs belonging to genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema are obligatory parasites and lethal to insects and can be applied easily (El-Wakeil and Hussein 2009;Saleh et al 2009;San-Blas 2013;Nouh and Hussein 2014;Hussein et al 2015;Hussein and El-Mahdi 2019). These two EPNs genera can be mass-produced by in vivo or in vitro culture methods (Rahoo et al 2019;Hussein and El-Mahdi 2020). In vivo methods for producing EPNs by using insect host Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Testa and Shields 2017) were restricted to laboratory production on a small scale (Shapiro-Ilan et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Journal of Plant Protection Research

Ismail¹

2022

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are promising as biocontrol agents for the most economically important insect pest attacking a wide range of host plants. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the impact of four artificial diets and one natural food on numbers, weights, and total lipid content of the greater wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as well as the impact of these diets on the ability of nematode species Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae to infect insects and multiply inside an insect host which had been reared on one of five different diets (D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5). The correlation between larvae weight and total lipid content, pathogenicity or multiplication of nematodes was also studied. The obtained results indicated that D2, D5 and D3 gave the highest growth or weights of larvae. The larvae produced weighed 3.71, 3.67 and 3.25 g from 50 g media, respectively. Statistically, larvae weights had a positive and significant correlation with the lipid content in larvae where r = 0.732. On the other hand, infective juveniles (IJs) of nematodes produced from insect hosts reared on D2 and D5 revealed more pathogenicity on larvae, since they caused the highest percent of mortality, 53.33 and 50.0% for H. bacteriophora, and 56.67 and 53.33% for S. carpocap sae, respectively. The total lipid content had a positive and highly significant correlation with the pathogenicity of the two nematode species where r = 0.97 and 0.971, respectively. Ultimately, the supplied foods of the artificial diets D2, D3 and natural beeswax (D5) gave the most suitable chance for developing insect growth and increasing the EPN quality and enhancing the potential of EPNs as biological control agents against different insect pests.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Journal of Plant Protection Research

Ismail¹

2022

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“…Peak emergence of H. bacteriophora was seen on the 10 th day on both of these cadavers. A similar trend was observed by Rahoo et al (2019) who observed a peak on the 13th day in the case of H. bacteriophora from Galleria cadavers. For S. carpocapsae, infective juveniles emerged from 6 th to 16 th day, 11 th to 21 st day and 11 th to 13 th day in Galleria, third and fourth instar H. illucens larvae, respectively; though third instar was more susceptible, these produced less nematodes/ insect.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…From the H. bacteriophora infected Galleria cadaver, 4.51 lakhs of IJs emerged, whereas from 4 th instar of H. illucens, 2.3 lakhs H. bacteriophora IJs were seen emerging. Rahoo et al (2019) also observed >4.5 lakhs H. bacteriophora IJs emerging from a single final instar G. mellonella cadaver. The present observations in this respect are not in agreement with that of Tourtois et al (2017) who observed tenfold less IJs of H. bacteriophora from H. illucens than from G. mellonella, even after injuring the larval cuticle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Suitability of Black Soldier Fly Larvae as Host for Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Manu

Anitha

Ragesh

et al. 2022

ije

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Black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (L.) larvae can serve many uses, of which potential exists for its use as a host for mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes. This study evaluates its larval instars for their suitability for rearing of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) and Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser). The results revealed that 4th instar larvae is economical and effective, and this can be used at farm level. Thus, it can be popularized for mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes. The nematodes/cadaver was found to be half as that from Galleria, and hence two 4th instar cadavers can be recommended in place of a single Galleria cadaver. The results also showed that H. illucens is unsuitable for mass multiplication of S. carpocapsae.

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“…Lastly, the cultivation of perennial or susceptible crops year after year in the same piece of land in irrigated plains permits rapid multiplication of nematodes which results in severe infections and damage. On the other hand, entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes can reduce the incidence and severity of root-knot nematodes (Javed et al 2019 a, b;Rahoo et al 2019 a, b). Root-knot nematodes have also been found associated with fungal and bacterial pathogens resulting in disease complexes and aggravate the severity of the latter (Mukhtar and Kayani 2019;Nazir et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the damaging effects of Meloidogyne incognita on a resistant and susceptible cultivar of cucumber

Mukhtar

Kayani²

2020

Bragantia

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In the present study, the damaging effects of six inoculum densities of Meloidogyne incognita were compared on a resistant (Long Green) and a highly susceptible (Mirage) cultivar of cucumber. All the inoculum densities of M. incognita resulted in significant reductions in growth and yield variables of both the cultivars over their controls. The reductions in resistant cultivar were significantly lower as compared to the highly susceptible cultivar at all inoculum levels. The highest inoculum level caused the maximum reductions in growth and yield variables while the lowest inoculum level resulted in the minimum reductions. The reductions in growth and yield variables increased with an increase in the inoculum density showing a positive relationship. On the other hand, the inoculum levels caused an increase in root weight. The higher inoculum levels caused higher increases while at lower inoculum levels, the increases were lower. The increases in root weights were significantly lower in the resistant cultivar when compared to the highly susceptible one showing a direct relationship between the increase in root weight and inoculum levels. Similarly, significant differences in number of galls and egg masses were noticed between the resistant and highly susceptible cultivar at all inoculum levels. The galls produced on highly susceptible cultivar were significantly higher as compared to the resistant one. A direct relationship was observed between inoculum levels and number of galls and egg masses. On the other hand, all the inoculum levels varied significantly regarding reproductive factor on the resistant and highly susceptible cultivars.

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Relationship Between the Size of Galleria mellonella Larvae and the Production of Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Journal of Plant Protection Research

Journal of Plant Protection Research

Suitability of Black Soldier Fly Larvae as Host for Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Comparison of the damaging effects of Meloidogyne incognita on a resistant and susceptible cultivar of cucumber

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