Relationship between the position preference and nutritional state of individuals in schools of juvenile roach (Rutilus rutilus)

Krause, Jens; Bumann, Dirk; Todt, Dietmar

doi:10.1007/bf00166700

Cited by 131 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Previous work shows that the leading fishes of a school may be exposed to a higher predation risk (Bumann et al 1997) but will have first access to any resources encountered by the group (Krause et al 1992). Conversely, particularly in large schools in field conditions, fishes in the rear may experience reduced oxygenation due to oxygen consumption of the fishes ahead of them ( (2002) 1994).…”

Section: (B) School Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of progressive hypoxia on school structure and dynamics in Atlantic herringClupea harengus

Domenici

Ferrari

Steffensen

et al. 2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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The effect of progressive hypoxia on the structure and dynamics of herring (Clupea harengus) schools in laboratory conditions was investigated. The length, width and depth of schools of about 20 individuals were measured from video recordings to test the hypothesis that during hypoxia fish schools change their shape and volume. School shape (calculated as the ratios of length/depth, width/depth and length/width) did not change significantly during hypoxia. School length, width, depth, area and volume were all significantly increased at 20% oxygen saturation. Volume, area and width were more sensitive to hypoxia; volume and width were also increased at 25% and area at 30% oxygen saturation.The degree of position changing (shuffling) of individuals within the school was also analysed. Shuffling in normoxia was observed to occur largely through 'O-turn' manoeuvres, a 360°turn executed laterally to the school that allowed fishes in the front to move to the back. O-turn frequency during normoxia was 0.69 O-turns fish Ϫ1 min Ϫ1 but significantly decreased with hypoxia to 0.37 O-turns fish Ϫ1 min Ϫ1 at 30% oxygen saturation. Shuffling was also investigated by measuring the persistence time of individual herring in leading positions (i.e. the first half of the school). No significant changes occurred during hypoxia, indicating that the decrease in O-turn frequency does not affect shuffling rate during hypoxia, and that position shuffling in hypoxic conditions is mainly due to overtaking or falling back by individual fishes.School integrity and positional dynamics are the outcome of trade-offs among a number of biotic factors, such as food, predator defence, mating behaviour and various physical factors that may impose certain limits. Among these, our results indicate that oxygen level modulates schooling behaviour. Oxygen alters whole-school parameters at oxygen saturation values that can be encountered by herring in the field, indicating that oxygen availability is an important factor in the trade-offs that determine school volume. An increase in school volume in the wild may increase the oxygen available to each individual. However, shuffling rate is not affected by hypoxia, indicating that the internal dynamics of positioning is the result of the balance of other factors, for example related to the nutritional state of each individual fish as suggested by previous studies.

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Section: (B) School Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of progressive hypoxia on school structure and dynamics in Atlantic herringClupea harengus

Domenici

Ferrari

Steffensen

et al. 2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…In addition to involving information uncertainty, most collective decisions, in practice, also involve conflicting 'preferences': that is, individual stakeholders in the decision often disagree as to what would constitute desirable decision outcomes in principle [27,28]. For example, in foraging decisions, males and females often prefer different types of forage [29,30]; hungry individuals often prefer different group activities and destinations from tired group members [24,27,[31][32][33]; and young or vulnerable animals often prefer safer areas than older, less vulnerable group members [34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models in animal collective decision-making: information uncertainty and conflicting preferences

Conradt

2011

Interface Focus.

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Collective decision-making plays a central part in the lives of many social animals. Two important factors that influence collective decision-making are information uncertainty and conflicting preferences. Here, I bring together, and briefly review, basic models relating to animal collective decision-making in situations with information uncertainty and in situations with conflicting preferences between group members. The intention is to give an overview about the different types of modelling approaches that have been employed and the questions that they address and raise. Despite the use of a wide range of different modelling techniques, results show a coherent picture, as follows. Relatively simple cognitive mechanisms can lead to effective information pooling. Groups often face a trade-off between decision accuracy and speed, but appropriate fine-tuning of behavioural parameters could achieve high accuracy while maintaining reasonable speed. The right balance of interdependence and independence between animals is crucial for maintaining group cohesion and achieving high decision accuracy. In conflict situations, a high degree of decision-sharing between individuals is predicted, as well as transient leadership and leadership according to needs and physiological status. Animals often face crucial trade-offs between maintaining group cohesion and influencing the decision outcome in their own favour. Despite the great progress that has been made, there remains one big gap in our knowledge: how do animals make collective decisions in situations when information uncertainty and conflict of interest operate simultaneously?

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“…They suggested that hunger (condition) might play a role in position, with ®sh in poorer condition taking the lead, then dropping back to the shoal center when satiated. Such hunger-driven shoal structure has been demonstrated in shoaling herring (Robinson and Pitcher, 1989) and roach (Krause et al, 1992;Krause, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Response of individual shoaling Atlantic cod to ocean currents on the northeast Newfoundland Shelf

et al. 2000

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The movements of sonically-tagged Atlantic cod swimming within a large (80,000 mt) shoal of post-spawning ®sh on the northeast Newfoundland Shelf were related to the acoustically determined position of the shoal and event structure in the local ocean currents. For the ®rst several days of the study, a period when currents were unfavorable for shoreward transport, the tagged ®sh maintained station. There was little net movement of individual ®sh and no change in the geographical location of the shoal. Then, apparently in response to a shoreward current event, the cod moved with the¯ow. The tagged cod behaved as members of the shoal, in that their net movement was similar to that of the shoal itself. These observations further support the hypothesis that cod on the northeast Newfoundland Shelf selectively use currents for transport during their shoreward feeding migration. The cue to initiate migration by post-spawning cod is apparently an organized onshore¯ow exceeding a threshold velocity and duration. #

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Relationship between the position preference and nutritional state of individuals in schools of juvenile roach (Rutilus rutilus)

Cited by 131 publications

References 19 publications

The effect of progressive hypoxia on school structure and dynamics in Atlantic herringClupea harengus

The effect of progressive hypoxia on school structure and dynamics in Atlantic herringClupea harengus

Models in animal collective decision-making: information uncertainty and conflicting preferences

Response of individual shoaling Atlantic cod to ocean currents on the northeast Newfoundland Shelf

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