Relationship between the occiput-wall distance and physical performance in the elderly: a cross sectional study

Antonelli-Incalzi, Raffaele; Pedone, Claudio; Cesari, Matteo; Iorio, Angelo Di; Bandinelli, Stefania; Ferrucci, Luigi

doi:10.1007/bf03324691

Cited by 62 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We have previously published that the correlations between these four different measures were strong, ranging between 0.63 and 0.76, and our current study findings provide solid evidence of construct validity [24]. In related literature, several reports of varying quality have been published that employed alternative measures for kyphosis and used balance as a surrogate outcome for falls [19,20,[28][29][30][31][32][33]. These studies as a whole suggest that kyphosis adversely affects balance, and it is known that poor balance is a fall risk factor.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…For example, in several cross-sectional studies, occiputto-wall distance (OWD) has been used as a measure of forward flexed posture where the participant stands with their feet and buttocks touching a wall; the distance between their occiput and the wall is measured and recorded as the OWD. Two studies found that OWD was associated with gait problems in both sexes; one of these also found that OWD was associated with poor balance in women [19,28]. Similarly, a study of women with chronic back pain found OWD was associated with balance and gait issues, both of which could lead to increased fall risk [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Kyphosis and incident falls among community-dwelling older adults

et al. 2017

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Summary Hyperkyphosis commonly affects older persons and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Many have hypothesized that hyperkyphosis increases fall risk. Within this prospective study of older adults, kyphosis was significantly associated with incident falls over 1 year. Measures of hyperkyphosis could enhance falls risk assessments during primary care office visits. Introduction To determine the association between four measures of kyphosis and incident and injurious falls in older persons. Methods Community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older (n = 72) residing in southern California were invited to participate in a prospective cohort study. Participants had kyphosis assessed four ways. Two standing measures included a flexicurve ruler placed against the back to derive a kyphotic index and the Debrunner kyphometer, a protractor used to measure the kyphotic angle in degrees. Two lying measures included the blocks method (number of 1.7 cm blocks needed to achieve a neutral head position while lying supine) and traditional Cobb angle calculation derived from DXA based lateral vertebral assessment. Baseline demographic, clinical, and other health information (including a timed up and go (TUG) test) were assessed at a clinic visit. Participants were followed monthly through email or postcard for 1 year, with falls outcomes confirmed through telephone interview. Results Mean age was 77.8 (± 7.1) among the 52 women and 20 men. Over 12 months, 64% of participants experienced at least one incident fall and 35% experienced an injurious fall. Each standard deviation increase in kyphosis resulted in more than doubling the adjusted odds of an incident fall, even after adjusting for TUG. Odds of injurious falls were less consistent across measures; after adjusting for TUG, only the blocks method was associated with injurious falls. Conclusions Each kyphosis measure was independently associated with incident falls. Findings were inconsistent for injurious falls; the blocks measure suggested the strongest association. If these findings are replicated, the blocks measure could be incorporated into office visits as a quick and efficient tool to identify patients at increased fall risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Kyphosis and incident falls among community-dwelling older adults

et al. 2017

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“…Body balance was assessed using more accurate methods of measurement, such as stabilometry, force plate [14,21,22,24,29,36], and functional tests such as the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test [8, 23, 32 -35], functional reach (FR) [8], Berg Balance Scale (BBS) [30], one-led stance [23,32,33], Four-Square Step Test (FSST) [34,35] and feet-together stance, semitandem and tandem standing [25]. Table 2 -Characteristics of the studies with regard to methodologies, sample profile, outcomes and tools used for assessing body posture, balance and falls risk Table 2 -Characteristics of the studies with regard to methodologies, sample profile, outcomes and tools used for assessing body posture, balance and falls risk -Characteristics of the studies with regard to methodologies, sample profile, outcomes and tools used for assessing the feet and the ankle, as well as balance and falls risk The methodological quality of the studies is shown in Table 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural changes versus balance control and falls in community-living older adults: a systematic review

et al. 2018

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Introduction: Since falls are considered to be a public health problem, it is important to identify whether postural changes over time contribute to the risk of falls in older adults. Objective: To investigate whether postural changes increase fall risk and/or postural imbalance in healthy, community-dwelling older adults. Methods: In April 2016, two reviewers independently searched the PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL databases for studies in English published in the previous 10 years, using the following combined keywords: "posture" or ("kyphosis","lumbar lordosis","flexed posture","spinal curvature","spinal sagittal contour") AND "elderly" AND "fall". Study quality was assessed according to the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines for observational studies. Results: The search retrieved 1,734 articles. Only observational studies that assessed posture, balance, and/or falls in older adults were considered eligible for review. The final sample included 17 articles: reliability and reproducibility of the instruments were not reported in five studies, while two studies offered a questionable description of the instruments used. Fourteen

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“…It is interesting to note that in the study of Eum and co-workers, the kyphosis was not associated with balance performance as measured by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) or within the balance component of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) [41]. In contrary to this, Antonelli-Incalzi and colleagues found that increased kyphosis was associated with impaired balance in women, where balance was measured using a testing procedure that is similar to the balance component of the SPPB [42]. Greig et al found involving 22 osteoporotic women to their study, vertebral fracture to be related to impaired balance characteristics, rather than thoracic kyphosis [43].…”

Section: Impairments Related To Aging and Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 95%

Osteoporosis and the Role of Physical Therapy in the Different Domains

Pósa¹,

Róka²,

Sziver³

et al. 2017

J Osteopor Phys Act

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The authors emphasize the role of physical exercises in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis through reviewing the most important evidences. With the increase of life expectancy, it becomes more and more challenging to fight against osteoporosis related fracture complications and functional restrictions. The article gives an insight into the different physical exercises that are able to influence the condition as prevention and also as treatment possibilities without having adverse side effects. Since improving balance and postural control are essential part of the interventions and they are under the influence of multiple sensory, motor and cognitive systems, this multisystem nature of balance should take into account in falls prevention even in terms of osteoporosis.

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Relationship between the occiput-wall distance and physical performance in the elderly: a cross sectional study

Abstract: Background and aims-The occiput-wall distance (OWD), a measure of kyphosis, has been associated with postural instability, osteoporosis, disability and depression. The association between OWD and measures of physical performance was evaluated.

Cited by 62 publications

References 27 publications

Kyphosis and incident falls among community-dwelling older adults

Kyphosis and incident falls among community-dwelling older adults

Postural changes versus balance control and falls in community-living older adults: a systematic review

Osteoporosis and the Role of Physical Therapy in the Different Domains

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