Relationship between the formation of zinc phosphate crystals and their electrochemical properties

Development of phosphate coating on the surface of TMT rebar: an option to study the effect of n-SiO2 as an additive

“…23 Phosphophyllite and hopeite crystals are formed on cold-rolled galvanised steel substrates, respectively. 24 Many associated cumbersome steps (degreasing and cleaning) are major drawback for phosphate treatment on steel surface. 21,25,26 Desired thickness of coating can be obtained even at room temperature by cathodic treatment process.…”

SEM‐EDX and microftir studies on evaluation of protection capacity of some thin phosphate layers

“…There are known solutions with additives, such as Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ , in order to form a homogeneous phosphate coating with finer Zn phosphate grains (Bejinariu et al,2010a,b; Etteyeb et al,2006; Ghali and Potvin,1972; Ogle et al,2004; Rani et al,2012; Sandu et al,2011,2012a; Satoh and Minami,1988; Weng et al,1996; Zimmerman et al,2005; Zin et al,2004). The presence of Ni 2+ and Mn 2+ in the phosphate solution apparently affects the nucleation and growth of the Zn phosphate grains (Ghali and Potvin,1972; Amirudin and Thierry,1996).…”

Characterisation of phosphate coatings obtained using nitric acid free phosphate solution on three steel substrates: An option to simulate TMT rebars surfaces

“…Zinc phosphate has better insulating ability than manganese phosphate [23] and therefore expecting for better protection capability. Phosphophyllite and hopeite crystals were obtained on cold rolled and galvanised steel substrate respectively [24]. Degreasing, cleaning, phosphate conversion coating, post cleaning, chromic acid sealing and drying are all considered important steps for phosphate treatment [16,25,26].…”