Relationship between the earlywood-to-latewood transition and changes in levels of stored starch around the cambium in locally heated stems of the evergreen conifer Chamaecyparis pisifera

Rahman, Hasnat; Begum, Shahanara; Nakaba, Satoshi; Yamagishi, Yusuke; Kudo, Kayo; Nabeshima, Eri; Nugroho, Widyanto Dwi; Oribe, Yuichiro; Funada, Ryo

doi:10.1007/s00468-016-1395-4

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Sample blocks were cut from main stems at breast height. A series of small blocks that contained phloem, cambium and xylem were removed with a hammer and chisel from each main stem [37][38][39]68,69 . To eliminate any effects of wounding, samples were removed in a zigzag pattern.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transverse and radial thin sections were cut from embedded samples at a thickness of approximately 1 µm with a glass knife on an ultramicrotome (Ultracut N; Reichert, Vienna, Austria). These sections were stained with a solution of 1% safranin in water for 30 min and then washed five or six times with water for visualization of cambial cell division and differentiation [37][38][39]41,68,69 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the air temperature starts to rise from late winter to early spring, dormant cambium becomes active under natural conditions 6,7 . Moreover, an artificial increase in the temperature of stems during cambial dormancy in winter induced cambial reactivation in several experimental conifers [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] , a diffuse-porous hardwood 41 and a ring-porous hardwood 42 . Thus, an increase in temperature from late winter to early spring has been clearly demonstrated to be a direct trigger for cambial reactivation in temperate trees 6,7 .…”

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Winter-spring temperature pattern is closely related to the onset of cambial reactivation in stems of the evergreen conifer Chamaecyparis pisifera

Rahman

Kudo

Yamagishi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Temperature is an important factor for the cambial growth in temperate trees. We investigated the way daily temperatures patterns (maximum, average and minimum) from late winter to early spring affected the timing of cambial reactivation and xylem differentiation in stems of the conifer Chamaecyparis pisifera. When the daily temperatures started to increase earlier from late winter to early spring, cambial reactivation occurred earlier. Cambium became active when it achieves the desired accumulated temperature above the threshold (cambial reactivation index; CRI) of 13 °C in 11 days in 2013 whereas 18 days in 2014. This difference in duration required for achieving accumulated temperature can be explained with the variations in the daily temperature patterns in 2013 and 2014. Our formula for calculation of CRI predicted the cambial reactivation in 2015. A hypothetical increase of 1-4 °C to the actual daily maximum temperatures of 2013 and 2014 shifted the timing of cambial reactivation and had different effects on cambial reactivation in the two consecutive years because of variations in the actual daily temperatures patterns. Thus, the specific annual pattern of accumulation of temperature from late winter to early spring is a critical factor in determining the timing of cambial reactivation in trees. Wood is used as raw material for timber, furniture, pulp and paper, chemicals and fuel 1,2. On global scale, the biological process of wood formation is important for mitigation of climate change via carbon sequestration. Cambium is the meristematic tissue in trees that is responsible for production of xylem and phloem and thus for radial growth of trees 3. Cambium in trees from temperate environments undergoes alternating annual cycles/ periods of dormancy and activity, controlled by internal and environmental factors 4-8. The timing of cambial reactivation from late winter to early spring influences both the quantity and the quality of wood. Earlier reactivation of cambium might potentially increase the duration of cambial activity in Picea mariana 9,10 and resulted in wider xylem increments in Picea mariana 10,11 and in Populus sieboldii × P. grandidentata 12. In addition, the duration of the growing season depends on the cessation of cambial activity 10. Environmental temperature is closely associated with the radial growth of trees 10,13-22 which is the result of the active growth of cambium during annual vegetation periods. The active period of cambium continues from a few weeks to several months, according to species and, local climates and growth conditions in trees 23-26. Moreover,

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Winter-spring temperature pattern is closely related to the onset of cambial reactivation in stems of the evergreen conifer Chamaecyparis pisifera

Rahman

Kudo

Yamagishi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…In this study, the cambial region was defined as the zone with all layers of meristematic cells and the identical in shape intermediate derivatives (Rossi et al., ; Dié et al., ). Cambial cells were distinguished from expanding xylem and phloem cells on the basis of their smaller radial diameter and occurrence of division plates as visualized in epoxy‐embedded 1‐μm‐thick transverse sections (Kitin et al., ; Begum et al., , ; Kudo et al., ; Rahman et al., , ). When cambial cells lose their ability to divide, they start to expand for differentiation into xylem cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The periodicity of the activity and dormancy of cambium in temperate trees is closely associated with seasonal changes in temperature, precipitation, and day length (Denne and Dodd, ; Ren et al., ). Recent studies have revealed that the timing of the resumption of cambial cell division, from late winter to early spring, is controlled by increases in temperature (Barnett and Miller, ; Oribe et al., , , ; Schmitt et al., ; Gričar et al., ; Begum et al., , ; Kudo et al., ; Rahman et al., , ). Higher temperatures from late winter to early spring induce earlier resumption of cell proliferation in the cambium and, as a consequence, earlier onset of the differentiation of xylem cells in conifers and hardwoods (Rossi et al., ; Begum et al., , ; Deslauriers et al., ; Kudo et al., ).…”

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Changes in cambial activity are related to precipitation patterns in four tropical hardwood species grown in Indonesia

Rahman

Nugroho

Nakaba

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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Premise Cambial activity in some tropical trees varies intra‐annually, with the formation of xylem rings. Identification of the climatic factors that regulate cambial activity is important for understanding the growth of such species. We analyzed the relationship between climatic factors and cambial activity in four tropical hardwoods, Acacia mangium, Tectona grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, and Neolamarckia cadamba in Yogyakarta, Java Island, Indonesia, which has a rainy season (November–June) and a dry season (July–October). Methods Small blocks containing phloem, cambium, and xylem were collected from main stems in January 2014, October 2015 and October 2016, and examined with light microscopy for cambial cell division, fusiform cambial cells, and expanding xylem cells as evidence of cambial activity. Results During the rainy season, when precipitation was high, cambium was active. By contrast, during the dry season in 2015, when there was no precipitation, cambium was dormant. However, in October 2016, during the so‐called dry season, cambium was active, cell division was conspicuous, and a new xylem ring formation was initiated. The difference in cambial activity appeared to be related to an unusual pattern of precipitation during the typically dry months, from July to October, in 2016. Conclusions Our results indicate that low or absent precipitation for 3 to 4 months induces cessation of cambial activity and temporal periodicity of wood formation in the four species studied. By contrast, in the event of continuing precipitation, cambial activity in the same trees may continue throughout the year. The frequency pattern of precipitation appears to be an important determinant of wood formation in tropical trees.

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Phloem

Crang¹,

Lyons-Sobaski²,

Wise³

2018

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Relationship between the earlywood-to-latewood transition and changes in levels of stored starch around the cambium in locally heated stems of the evergreen conifer Chamaecyparis pisifera

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Winter-spring temperature pattern is closely related to the onset of cambial reactivation in stems of the evergreen conifer Chamaecyparis pisifera

Winter-spring temperature pattern is closely related to the onset of cambial reactivation in stems of the evergreen conifer Chamaecyparis pisifera

Changes in cambial activity are related to precipitation patterns in four tropical hardwood species grown in Indonesia

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